![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/nggallery_import\/2_pivo_pnl03.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u00darove\u0148 hostinsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed antick\u00e9ho \u0158ecka a \u0158\u00edma byla samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ovlivn\u011bna zku\u0161enostmi z \u0161enk\u016f civilizac\u00ed Mal\u00e9 Asie a severn\u00ed Afriky, ale vyvinula se v r\u00e1mci specifick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek obou vysp\u011bl\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f.
\nDob\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch pohostinsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed Evrop\u011b obdob\u00ed tzv.hostinsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. V \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b: proxinie, latinsky: hospitium.
\nPrincip zavazoval \u201ehostinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u201c, aby si p\u0159i pobytu v p\u0159\u00edtelov\u011b bydli\u0161ti poskytovali vz\u00e1jemn\u011b ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a stravov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vedl k tomu nedostatek ubytovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 hostinc\u016f. Hostinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed se vztahovalo i na rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky. Aby se doposud nezn\u00e1m\u00fd \u010dlen rodiny mohl u hostinn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele legitimovat, bylo t\u0159eba pr\u016fkazu. Tomu slou\u017eila tzv. tessera hospitalis \u2013 hlin\u011bn\u00e1, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 nebo m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 desti\u010dka, rozlomen\u00e1 nap\u016fl, ka\u017ed\u00fd z obou hostinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00e1tel m\u011bl jednu polovinu.
\n
\nPrincip hostinn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed m\u011bl velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam p\u0159i \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch, obchodn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch, \u00fa\u010dasti na slavnostech a hr\u00e1ch. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk u hostitele mohl o\u010dek\u00e1vat ve\u0161kerou p\u00e9\u010di, p\u0159es stravu, ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po slu\u017eby p\u00e9\u010de o majetek hosta.<\/p>\n
S postupem \u010dasu, s rozvojem cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd v \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i souvisel i s v\u00fdstavbou s\u00edt\u011b st\u00e1tn\u00edch silnic (a\u010d v prv\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b ur\u010den\u00fdch pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely), byly z\u0159izov\u00e1ny st\u00e1tn\u00ed hostinsk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tzv.stanice. V nich cestovatel\u00e9 z \u0159ad st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f nalezli ob\u010derstven\u00ed a nocleh. Vybaven\u00edm se tyto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neli\u0161ily od sou\u010dasn\u00fdch hotel\u016f \u2013 byly tam pokoje, koupelny, j\u00eddelny, st\u00e1je pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata.<\/p>\n
Pozd\u011bji tak\u00e9 obyvatel\u00e9 dom\u016f kolem silnic za\u010dali upravovat sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbytky pro pot\u0159eby poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pohostinsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n
Hostinsk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla u\u017e tehdy ozna\u010dov\u00e1na v\u00fdv\u011bsn\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00edty. Li\u0161ila se dle vybaven\u00ed, po\u010dtu slu\u017eebnictva a okruhu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f. Pro nejchud\u0161\u00ed vrstvy obyvatel byly ur\u010den\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 ubytovny, bohat\u0161\u00ed klientela se ubytov\u00e1vala v luxusn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hostinsk\u00fdch podnic\u00edch. Ty byly hojn\u011b z\u00e1sobov\u00e1ny nejen potravinami a n\u00e1poji, ale tak\u00e9 p\u00edci pro kon\u011b a mezky. O pohodl\u00ed host\u016f pe\u010dovalo mno\u017estv\u00ed person\u00e1lu, v\u010detn\u011b nev\u011bstek.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
V antick\u00e9m \u0158ecku i \u0158\u00edm\u011b m\u011bla tedy v\u011bt\u0161ina hostinc\u016f povahu z\u00e1jezdn\u00ed. Klasick\u00e9 typy hospod, kam host\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159ili nejen za ob\u010derstven\u00edm, ale hlavn\u011b za z\u00e1bavou, dru\u017een\u00edm, spole\u010densk\u00fdm \u017eivotem, vznikaly a\u017e pozd\u011bji, ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Tento soci\u00e1ln\u00ed aspekt byl u starov\u011bk\u00fdch jihoevropan\u016f \u0159e\u0161en po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm hostin.
\n\u0160lo o z\u00e1bavu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bohat\u0161\u00edch vrstev. Hodovn\u00edci se v\u017edy se\u0161li v dom\u011b jednoho hostitele. Nejprve se napili na po\u010dest boha Dion\u00fdsa a zazp\u00edvali oslavnou p\u00edse\u0148. Pak ur\u010dili kr\u00e1le hostiny, kter\u00fd m\u011bl rozhodovat o tom, v jak\u00e9m pom\u011bru se bude v\u00edno \u0159edit vodou a kolik kdo mus\u00ed vyp\u00edt poh\u00e1r\u016f. Podle zvyku se p\u0159ip\u00edjelo st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b na zdrav\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho hodovn\u00edka. Kdo necht\u011bl p\u00edt, musel se vzd\u00e1lit. „Pij nebo odejdi“, bylo toti\u017e prvn\u00ed pravidlo hostiny. Obl\u00edbeny byly pij\u00e1ck\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, hra v kostky a jin\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 hry. Dopl\u0148ovaly je produkce kejkl\u00ed\u0159\u016f a hra fl\u00e9tnistek.<\/p>\n
A co se v \u0159eck\u00fdch a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch hostinc\u00edch jedlo a pilo ?<\/p>\n
Byl velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi stravou ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch, st\u0159edn\u00edch a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstev. Prap\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 \u0158ecka se \u017eivili hlavn\u011b mou\u010dn\u00fdmi plackami, kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji vyst\u0159\u00eddal chl\u00e9b z kva\u0161en\u00e9ho t\u011bsta. Chl\u00e9b se nej\u010dast\u011bji konzumoval m\u00e1\u010den\u00fd ve v\u00edn\u011b. Pekli si ho p\u016fvodn\u011b sami doma, od 2. stol. p\u0159. n.l. jsou zn\u00e1my ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pek\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n
Z r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f mouky nebo z nabobtnan\u00fdch lu\u0161t\u011bnin se \u010dasto p\u0159ipravovaly i ka\u0161e. Jako p\u0159\u00edkrm ke chlebu se pou\u017e\u00edvaly hlavn\u011b f\u00edky a olivy. Bez ovoce a zeleniny si dne\u0161n\u00ed j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek nedovedeme p\u0159edstavit a ani ve starov\u011bku to nebylo jinak. \u0158ekov\u00e9 p\u011bstovali nebo dov\u00e1\u017eeli v\u011bt\u0161inu z dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fdch druh\u016f ovoce, zeleniny a ko\u0159en\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159eck\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku bylo i maso \u2013 hov\u011bz\u00ed, skopov\u00e9, a nej\u010dast\u011bji vep\u0159ov\u00e9.<\/p>\n
\u0158ekov\u00e9 u j\u00eddla nesed\u011bli. Jedli vle\u017ee na lev\u00e9m boku op\u0159eni o loket, pravou ruku m\u011bli volnou, aby si mohli pod\u00e1vat j\u00eddlo ze stolu. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159i j\u00eddle sed\u011blo, od 3. stol. p\u0159. n.l. mu\u017ei zvykli podle \u0159eck\u00e9ho vzoru p\u0159i j\u00eddle le\u017eet. P\u0159ed j\u00eddlem si hodovn\u00edci pe\u010dliv\u011b myli ruce, proto\u017ee neznali j\u00eddeln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbory. Mastnotu z prst\u016f st\u00edrali st\u0159\u00eddkou chleba nebo kuli\u010dkami ze zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 t\u011bstoviny, kter\u00e9 pak h\u00e1zeli ps\u016fm. J\u00eddlo va\u0159ili a nosili na st\u016fl v\u011bt\u0161inou speci\u00e1ln\u011b zau\u010den\u00ed otroci. Va\u0159ilo se oby\u010dejn\u011b venku na otev\u0159en\u00e9m ohni\u0161ti. V hostinsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro bohat\u0161\u00ed \u0158eky se ji\u017e tehdy objevovaly j\u00eddeln\u00ed l\u00edstky.<\/p>\n
Pivo bylo v obou jihoevropsk\u00fdch civilizac\u00edch zn\u00e1mo, ale obyvatel\u00e9 si v n\u011bm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nelibovali. \u0158ekov\u00e9 pokl\u00e1dali pivo za produkt barbarsk\u00fd a jeho po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161inou vyh\u00fdbali. Oba n\u00e1rody pak spat\u0159ovaly v jeho pit\u00ed znak jak\u00e9si zm\u011bk\u010dilosti. I p\u0159esto bylo v obou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00edch vyr\u00e1b\u011bno. V dob\u00e1ch rozkv\u011btu \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e bylo pivo dokonce dov\u00e1\u017eeno z dobyt\u00fdch severn\u00edch provinci\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1pojem v antick\u00fdch \u0161enc\u00edch ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy v\u0161ak bylo v\u00edno. Pilo se \u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9. Pit\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9ho v\u00edna pova\u017eovali za barbarsk\u00fd zvyk.
\nN\u00e1poj se \u0159edil obvykle t\u0159i d\u00edly vody na dva d\u00edly v\u00edna. Nanejv\u00fd\u0161 stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody jako v\u00edna. V\u00edce nebylo ve slu\u0161n\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9. V\u00edno se m\u00edsilo v m\u011bsidlech, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch k tomu ur\u010den\u00fdch. U\u017e tehdy se ke konzervov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edna pou\u017e\u00edvalo vysmolovan\u00fdch amfor. Na ou\u0161ka amfor se vypalovaly zna\u010dky s datem, m\u00edstem v\u00fdroby i ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n
A\u010dkoliv um\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby v\u00edna dorazilo na hel\u00e9nsk\u00fd poloostrov ji\u017e kolem roku 2 000 p\u0159.n.l., v\u016fbec prvn\u00edm alkoholick\u00fdm n\u00e1pojem, je\u017e se zde \u0161iroce ujal, byla medovina, zkva\u0161en\u00fd n\u00e1poj tvo\u0159en\u00fd fermentac\u00ed vody a medu.
\nVe staro\u0159eck\u00fdch m\u011bstech nebyla o opilce nouze. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017ee v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed na chod hostinc\u016f postupovaly p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b, opilstv\u00ed na ve\u0159ejnosti bylo striktn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. I kdy\u017e v \u0158ecku notorick\u00e9 pit\u00ed nebylo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obvykl\u00e9, naopak po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b se op\u00edt na n\u011bjak\u00e9m tom banketu bylo k vid\u011bn\u00ed o to \u010dast\u011bji.<\/p>\n
Za zm\u00ednku je\u0161t\u011b stoj\u00ed, \u017ee tehdej\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i zachoval\u00fdch text\u016f vid\u011bli \u0158eky jako jedny z nejst\u0159\u00eddm\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f tehdej\u0161\u00edho sv\u011bta a vyzdvihovali jejich zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9ho pit\u00ed, veleben\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddmosti a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se extr\u00e9m\u016fm obecn\u011b. Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou z tohoto st\u0159\u00eddm\u00e9ho stylu byl kult boha Dion\u00fdsa, kter\u00fd pova\u017eoval opilost za sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se se sv\u00fdm idolem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00darove\u0148 hostinsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed antick\u00e9ho \u0158ecka a \u0158\u00edma byla samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ovlivn\u011bna zku\u0161enostmi z \u0161enk\u016f civilizac\u00ed Mal\u00e9 Asie a severn\u00ed Afriky, ale vyvinula se v r\u00e1mci specifick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek obou vysp\u011bl\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Dob\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch pohostinsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":100161,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":24369,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100157\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/100161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=100157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}