{"id":104763,"date":"2021-09-06T10:28:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T08:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=104763"},"modified":"2023-10-30T13:25:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T12:25:34","slug":"pivo-v-plzni-od-roku-1295-do-1993","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=104763","title":{"rendered":"Pivo v Plzni od roku 1295 do 1993"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V Plzni se pivo za\u010dalo va\u0159it hned po zalo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta v roce 1295, kdy kr\u00e1l V\u00e1clav II. ud\u011blil 260 plze\u0148sk\u00fdm m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016fm pr\u00e1vo v\u00e1re\u010dn\u00e9 bez ohledu na jejich povol\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto privilegium, finan\u010dn\u011b velmi v\u00fdnosn\u00e9, povolovalo dr\u017eiteli prod\u00e1vat pivo v jeho dom\u011b a bylo d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 &#8211; pozd\u011bji se vztahovalo na domy a jejich pozemky.<br \/>\nVelmi brzy se v\u0161ak za\u010daly stav\u011bt ve m\u011bstech spole\u010dn\u00e9 pivovary, ve kter\u00fdch byla v\u00fdroba v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed pivovar se sladovnou je v Plzni dolo\u017een v roce <b>1307<\/b>. Va\u0159ily se v\u00e1rky tzv.\u010derven\u00e9ho piva z p\u0161enice a b\u00edl\u00e9ho z je\u010dmene. Pivo se vyr\u00e1b\u011blo &#8222;po \u0159ad\u011b&#8220;, tzn. pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0161\u0165ana zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a uva\u0159en\u00fd n\u00e1poj se st\u00e1\u010del do velk\u00fdch sud\u016f a byl p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017een do m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fdch dom\u016f. Tam se vypou\u0161t\u011bl do velk\u00e9 kvasn\u00e9 k\u00e1d\u011b a potom p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1val do sud\u016f, v nich\u017e se nech\u00e1val zr\u00e1t.<br \/>\n <script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- zpravy -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5694300196982120\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3541247592\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><br \/>\nPivo se st\u00e1valo st\u00e1le obl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1pojem a v 16.stolet\u00ed se jeho v\u00fdroba stala i p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.  V\u0161eobecn\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a kulturn\u00ed \u00fapadek, kter\u00fd nastal v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch b\u011bhem t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, se projevil i ve v\u00fdrob\u011b<br \/>\npiva. Sl\u00e1dci bez pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a znalost\u00ed nedbali na tradi\u010dn\u00ed technologick\u00e9 postupy a \u010dasto v\u00e1rky upravovali pro<br \/>\nzlep\u0161en\u00ed chut\u011b nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edsadami. Od 70.let 19.stolet\u00ed se v pivovarech za\u010daly objevovat laborato\u0159e a va\u0159en\u00ed piva, zalo\u017een\u00e9 dosud pouze na zku\u0161enosti sl\u00e1dk\u016f, se stalo p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b sledovan\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm procesem.<br \/>\nPatronem sladovnick\u00e9ho cechu se stal nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd sv\u011btec sv.V\u00e1clav a krom\u011b n\u011bho uzn\u00e1vali pivovarn\u00edci za patrona i kr\u00e1le <strong>Gambrina<\/strong> &#8211; v\u00e9vodu Brabantsk\u00e9ho Jana I. (1251 &#8211; 1294), kter\u00fd byl podle pov\u011bsti prvn\u00edm sl\u00e1dkem. N\u00e1zev Gambrinus vznikl zkomolen\u00edm slov Jan Primus.<br \/>\n<br \/>\nV \u00fanoru roku 1838 spat\u0159ila plze\u0148sk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost neobvykl\u00e9 divadlo. Na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159ed radnic\u00ed bylo vylito 36 sud\u016f plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho piva, kter\u00e9 nebylo uzn\u00e1no k pit\u00ed. Velmi prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 kvalita plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho piva, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 od st\u0159edov\u011bku, d\u00e1vala st\u00e1le v\u00edce<br \/>\nvyniknout konkuren\u010dn\u00edm piv\u016fm z Bavorska, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdm metodou spodn\u00edho kva\u0161en\u00ed. V \u010cech\u00e1ch se do t\u00e9 doby pou\u017e\u00edvalo tzv.svrchn\u00ed kva\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhalo rychleji, p\u011bt a\u017e \u0161est dn\u016f za teploty 20 a\u017e 25 stup\u0148\u016f. Spodn\u00ed kva\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159i teplot\u011b 15 stup\u0148\u016f del\u0161\u00ed dobu a kvasinky po prokva\u0161en\u00ed sedaj\u00ed ke dnu, se za\u010dalo pou\u017e\u00edvat u bavorsk\u00fdch le\u017e\u00e1k\u016f.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/wp-content\/gallery\/Galerie-pivovaru-Plze%C5%88sk%C3%BD-Prazdroj\/Plze%C5%88sk%C3%BD-Prazdroj-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"ngg-singlepicngg-center\"><br \/>\nPodn\u011btem k postaven\u00ed nov\u00e9ho pivovaru v Plzni se stalo &#8222;Vyzv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f ku vystav\u011bn\u00ed vlastnick\u00e9 v\u00fdroby&#8220; z roku 1839, v n\u011bm\u017e se apelovalo na nutnost zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho piva. M\u00edsto pro stavbu nov\u00e9ho pivovaru bylo vybr\u00e1no na tehdej\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Buben\u010d, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo dostatek kvalitn\u00ed pramenit\u00e9 vody a p\u00edskovcov\u00e9 podlo\u017e\u00ed pro vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed sklep\u016f. Se stavbou se za\u010dalo 15.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1839 a <strong>5.\u0159\u00edjna 1842<\/strong> byl v nov\u00e9m pivovaru zah\u00e1jen provoz uva\u0159en\u00edm prvn\u00ed v\u00e1rky spodn\u011b kva\u0161en\u00e9ho piva. <strong>M\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fd pivovar<\/strong> byl ur\u010den k v\u00fdrob\u011b tzv.bavorsk\u00e9ho piva a proto byl anga\u017eov\u00e1n bavorsk\u00fd sl\u00e1dek Josef Groll, mu\u017e s v\u00fdbornou pivovarnickou pov\u011bst\u00ed. Tomu se ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u00edky dom\u00e1c\u00edm surovin\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo vyrobit \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 pivo ne\u017e jak\u00e9 zam\u00fd\u0161lel. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd produkt byl doslova geni\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto\u017ee nov\u00fd le\u017e\u00e1k m\u011bl skv\u011blou chu\u0165, kterou si Pilsner Urquell udr\u017eel dodnes. Prvn\u00ed sudy byly na\u010daty, kronik\u00e1\u0159 t\u00e9 doby p\u00ed\u0161e: &#8222;<i>Jak\u00fd obdiv nastal, kdy\u017e zaskv\u011bla se zlatov\u00e1 jeho barva a sn\u011bhob\u00edl\u00e1 p\u011bna se nad n\u00ed vzn\u00e1\u0161ela, jak zaj\u00e1sali pij\u00e1ci, kdy\u017e seznali, jakou \u0159\u00edznou, znamenitou chut\u00ed, p\u0159i piv\u011b dosud nepoznanou, honos\u00ed se tento dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobek<\/i>&#8222;. Sl\u00e1va zde vyroben\u00e9ho \u017elut\u00e9ho moku se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na svoji dobu neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou rychlost\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b v roce 1842 ochutnali pivo v Praze. V roce 1853 plze\u0148sk\u00e9 pivo ji\u017e v 35 pra\u017esk\u00fdch hostinc\u00edch, v roce 1856 se za\u010dalo prod\u00e1vat ve V\u00eddni a v roce 1862 doslova dobylo Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e. Sl\u00e1va, kterou si pivo z Plzn\u011b vydobylo svoji nenapodobitelnou chut\u00ed, za\u010dala l\u00e1kat spousty napodobitel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli vyd\u011blat na v\u011bhlasu tohoto piva. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto si pivovar ji\u017e 1.b\u0159ezna 1859 nechal zapsat svoji ochrannou zn\u00e1mku <strong>Plze\u0148sk\u00e9 pivo<\/strong>. T\u00edm se ov\u0161em mnoz\u00ed napodobitel\u00e9 nenechali odradit. Nelze se tedy divit, \u017ee v arch\u00edvech nalezneme doklady o \u0159ad\u011b soudn\u00edch spor\u016f o zneu\u017eit\u00ed sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00e9 plze\u0148sk\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spory nastaly v\u0161ak pot\u00e9, co v roce 1898 si plze\u0148sk\u00fd pivovar nechal zapsat, a t\u00edm ochr\u00e1nit, novou zn\u00e1mku <strong>Plze\u0148sk\u00fd Prazdroj &#8211; Pilsner Urquell<\/strong>.<br \/>\nProfesor doktor C.J.Lintner, \u0159editel v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu pivovarsk\u00e9ho v Mnichov\u011b a jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch badatel\u016f v kvasn\u00e9 chemii a biologii v 30.letech 20.stolet\u00ed napsal: &#8222;<i>Pr\u00e1v\u011b plze\u0148sk\u00e9 pivo, va\u0159en\u00e9 v Plzni, vyzna\u010duje se oproti ostatn\u00edm<br \/>\npiv\u016fm stejn\u00e9ho druhu rozd\u00edly v chuti, kter\u00e9 nelze analyticky zachytit a kter\u00e9 snad nemohou b\u00fdt ani v\u011bdecky definov\u00e1ny. Ale pivo je m\u00e1. Lze v\u0161ak tvrdit, \u017ee tyto faktory jsou d\u00e1ny m\u00edstn\u00edm charakterem, tj. v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 pivovarsk\u00e9<br \/>\nprovozovn\u011b se nemohou vyskytovat<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u00dasp\u011bch M\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9ho pivovaru se stal podn\u011btem pro stavbu dal\u0161\u00edch pivovar\u016f v Plzni, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak pov\u011bt\u0161inou podlehly siln\u00e9 konkurenci. V roce <strong>1869 <\/strong>vznikl <strong>Prvn\u00ed akciov\u00fd pivovar<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd dnes pod n\u00e1zvem Gambrinus.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/wp-content\/gallery\/galerie-pivovaru-gambrinus-plzen\/Gambrinus-autor-M.Kostov-05.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"ngg-singlepicngg-center\"><\/p>\n<p>V roce 1892 byl zalo\u017een <strong>Plze\u0148sk\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd pivovar Prior<\/strong> , kter\u00fd v\u0161ak v roce 1925 splynul<br \/>\ns hospod\u00e1\u0159sky siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm M\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fdm pivovarem.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/wp-content\/gallery\/galerie-pivovaru-prior-plzen\/Plze%C5%88-Prior-srpen-2005-05.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"ngg-singlepicngg-center\"><\/p>\n<p>Posledn\u00edm zalo\u017een\u00fdm pivovarem byl <strong>\u010cesk\u00fd plze\u0148sk\u00fd pivovar akciov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v Plzni Sv\u011btovar<\/strong> , kter\u00fd byl v roce 1934 za\u010dlen\u011bn do pivovaru Gambrinus a po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce v n\u011bm byla v\u00fdroba zru\u0161ena.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/wp-content\/gallery\/galerie-pivovaru-plzen-svetovar\/Plze%C5%88-Sv%C4%9Btovar-autor-Lud%C4%9Bk-Gasseldorfer-z%C3%A1%C5%99%C3%AD-2010-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"ngg-singlepicngg-center\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Plze\u0148sk\u00e9 pivovary po roce 1948<\/strong><br \/>\nOba plze\u0148\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci zlatav\u00e9ho moku byly po roce 1948 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bchto spole\u010dnost\u00ed:<br \/>\n&#8211; Z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9 pivovary koncernov\u00fd podnik Plze\u0148<br \/>\n&#8211; Z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9 pivovary n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podnik Plze\u0148<br \/>\n&#8211; Plze\u0148sk\u00fd Prazdroj n.p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Plze\u0148sk\u00e9 pivovary s.p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Plze\u0148sk\u00e9 pivovary a.s. (1.5. 1992 do 1.9. 1994)<br \/>\n&#8211; Plze\u0148sk\u00fd Prazdroj a.s. (od 1.9. 1994)<\/p>\n<p>Od roku 1990 proch\u00e1z\u00ed plze\u0148sk\u00fd pivovar v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi prom\u011bnami. Technologie se m\u011bn\u00ed kvalita piva z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1. Proces kva\u0161en\u00ed a<br \/>\ndokva\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159est\u011bhoval ze sklep\u016f a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch k\u00e1d\u00ed a sud\u016f v roce 1993 do modern\u00edch velkokapacitn\u00edch cylindrok\u00f3nick\u00fdch tank\u016f. Zm\u011bn\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zel rok praktick\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek i laboratorn\u00edch anal\u00fdz. Nespol\u00e9halo se ov\u0161em jen na<br \/>\nlaborato\u0159, byl ustaven t\u00fdm penzist\u016f &#8211; b\u00fdval\u00fdch sl\u00e1dk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00fd rok degustovali pivo ze sklep\u016f i nov\u00fdch tank\u016f. Po roce dola\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie bylo konstatov\u00e1no, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed specifickou chu\u0165 Plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho Prazdroje se poda\u0159ilo udr\u017eet. Dev\u011bt kilometr\u016f sklep\u016f vyhlouben\u00fdch v p\u00edskovci pod plze\u0148sk\u00fdm pivovarem osi\u0159elo. Av\u0161ak pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se st\u00e1le mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st produkce piva nech\u00e1 kvasit a dokva\u0161ovat v d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch k\u00e1d\u00edch a sudech ve sklepn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Dne 22.6. 1994 byla dokon\u010dena privatizace a spole\u010dnost <strong>Plze\u0148sk\u00fd Prazdroj, akciov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost<\/strong> byla zaps\u00e1na do obchodn\u00edho rejst\u0159\u00edku dne 1.9. 1994.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V Plzni se pivo za\u010dalo va\u0159it hned po zalo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta v roce 1295, kdy kr\u00e1l V\u00e1clav II. ud\u011blil 260 plze\u0148sk\u00fdm m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016fm pr\u00e1vo v\u00e1re\u010dn\u00e9 bez ohledu na jejich povol\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto privilegium, finan\u010dn\u011b velmi v\u00fdnosn\u00e9, povolovalo&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":104781,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104763\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/104781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}