{"id":104857,"date":"2024-09-06T13:27:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T11:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=104857"},"modified":"2025-01-25T14:41:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-25T13:41:49","slug":"cesky-chmel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=104857","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesk\u00fd chmel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Podle typu vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho piva, technologick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed a zaveden\u00e9 technologie je tedy t\u0159eba se rozhodnout pro kterou odr\u016fdu \u010di chmelov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek pou\u017e\u00edt. Ze v\u0161ech t\u011bchto hledisek hraj\u00ed v pivovarsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b zna\u010dkov\u00fdch piv nezastupitelnou roli \u017eateck\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 chmele.V roce 1850 se stal Kry\u0161tof Sem\u0161 z Vrbice u Roudnice nad Labem prvn\u00edm \u0161lechtitelem, kter\u00fd pou\u017eil individu\u00e1ln\u00edho pozitivn\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011bru a v\u00fdsledkem byl „Sem\u0161\u016fv chmel“. Ten vynikal nad p\u0159edchoz\u00ed svou jemnou v\u016fn\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m. Sem\u0161\u016fv chmel se postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do v\u0161ech tradi\u010dn\u00edch oblast\u00ed a sm\u00edsil se s m\u00edstn\u00edm chmelem.
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\nListina povolen\u00fdch odr\u016fd v roce 1940 uznala populace chmele ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch oblastech jako krajov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy. Dne\u0161n\u00ed „\u017dateck\u00fd poloran\u00fd \u010derve\u0148\u00e1k“ je v\u00fdsledkem pozitivn\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011bru v krajov\u00e9 populaci \u017eateck\u00e9. V t\u00e9to populaci za\u010dal Karel Osvald ji\u017e v roce 1927 sledovat 276 rostlin, v roce 1952 pak byly klony \u010d. 31, 72 a 114 zaregistrov\u00e1ny k p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a tvo\u0159\u00ed dnes drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch chmelnic. V pades\u00e1t\u00fdch a \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech byly vy\u0161lecht\u011bny z \u017dateck\u00e9ho poloran\u00e9ho \u010derve\u0148\u00e1ku dal\u0161\u00ed pododr\u016fdy jako nap\u0159. Lu\u010dan, Blato, Zlatan, S\u00ed\u0159em, Univerz\u00e1l, Bl\u0161anka, Podle\u0161\u00e1k. Na mal\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch se od roku 1987 p\u011bstuj\u00ed hybridn\u00ed odr\u016fdy Bor a Sl\u00e1dek. V roce 1995 jsou odr\u016fdy Bor a Sl\u00e1dek zaps\u00e1ny do Listiny povolen\u00fdch odr\u016fd. v roce 1996 byla povolena dal\u0161\u00ed hybridn\u00ed odr\u016fda Premiant.<\/p>\n

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Chmelov\u00e9 aroma je odvozeno od p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch silic, kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu zr\u00e1n\u00ed chmelov\u00e9 rostliny slo\u017eit\u00fdmi biochemick\u00fdmi pochody. \u010cerstv\u00fd aromatick\u00fd \u017eateck\u00fd chmel obsahuje zpravidla 0,1 a\u017e 0,5% silic, kter\u00e9 jsou podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch poznatk\u016f sm\u011bs\u00ed n\u011bkolika set l\u00e1tek. Kvalita chmelov\u00e9ho aroma je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na genetick\u00e9m p\u016fvodu odr\u016fdy, na stupni zralosti a dal\u0161\u00edch faktorech. Specifick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm a vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdmi pom\u011bry jednotliv\u00fdch slo\u017eek chmelov\u00fdch silic se jemn\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 \u017eateck\u00e9 chmele v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161uj\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch odr\u016fd.<\/p>\n

Od roku 1948 byli p\u011bstitel\u00e9 nuceni v r\u00e1mci tzv. kolektivizace vstoupit do JZD a vznikaly tak velk\u00e9 plochy chmelnic. Vznikl rovn\u011b\u017e centr\u00e1ln\u00ed podnik s n\u00e1zvem V\u00fdkupn\u00ed sklad chmele. V roce 1960 vznik\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed podnik Chmela\u0159stv\u00ed \u017datec. Rozlehl\u00e9 chmelnice by se jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed skl\u00edzeli ru\u010dn\u00edm \u010des\u00e1n\u00edm, bylo nezbytn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st i do chmela\u0159stv\u00ed mechanizaci. Prvn\u00ed \u010desa\u010dky se v \u010ceskoslovensku objevily v roce 1954 od firem Bruff a Rotobank. V roce 1959 byla vyrobena i prvn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 \u010desa\u010dka s ozna\u010den\u00edm \u010cCH-1. Ve stejn\u00e9m roce k n\u00e1m byla dovezena i prvn\u00ed p\u00e1sov\u00e1 su\u0161\u00e1rna, posledn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00fd stupe\u0148 v su\u0161en\u00ed chmele, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed su\u0161en\u00ed a\u017e do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu bez z\u00e1sahu \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

V roce 1973 byla u n\u00e1s uvedena do provozu prvn\u00ed granula\u010dn\u00ed linka. Postupem \u010dasu v\u011bt\u0161ina pivovar\u016f p\u0159estala vyu\u017e\u00edvat cel\u00e9 chmelov\u00e9 hl\u00e1vky a p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b piva p\u0159e\u0161la na vyu\u017eit\u00ed chmelov\u00fdch granul\u00ed.<\/p>\n


\nNovodob\u00e1 \u010desac\u00ed st\u011bna chmel o\u010de\u0161e a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed komponenty \u010desa\u010dky chmel vy\u010dist\u00ed. \u010cesa\u010dka zvl\u00e1dne 720 r\u00e9v za hodinu, za 22 hodin je to 15840 r\u00e9v, denn\u00ed v\u00fdkon je tedy cca 2,25 ha\/den. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 su\u0161\u00e1rny maj\u00ed tzv. kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed su\u0161en\u00edm, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee od nasyp\u00e1n\u00ed chmele do su\u0161\u00e1rny a\u017e do jeho usu\u0161en\u00ed a klimatizov\u00e1n\u00ed s chmelem sami nijak nemanipulujeme. K balen\u00ed chmele je nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n hranolov\u00fd st\u0159edn\u011btlak\u00fd lis. Od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00edzkotlak\u00fdch lis\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee balen\u00ed – d\u0159\u00edve \u017eoky, nyn\u00ed hranoly jsou se stejnou i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hmotnost\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b objemn\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle typu vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho piva, technologick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed a zaveden\u00e9 technologie je tedy t\u0159eba se rozhodnout pro kterou odr\u016fdu \u010di chmelov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek pou\u017e\u00edt. Ze v\u0161ech t\u011bchto hledisek hraj\u00ed v pivovarsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b zna\u010dkov\u00fdch...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":104861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":25030,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104857"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104857\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/104861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}