{"id":43595,"date":"2019-05-18T06:00:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-18T04:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=43595"},"modified":"2025-01-16T13:46:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T12:46:06","slug":"historie-plneni-piva-do-lahvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=43595","title":{"rendered":"Historie pln\u011bn\u00ed piva do lahv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po stalet\u00ed byly p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm obalem pro pln\u011bn\u00ed uva\u0159en\u00e9ho piva d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 sudy. Jejich velk\u00fd objem, nesnadn\u00e1 manipulace s nimi, kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 trvanlivost tehdy vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho moku, vynutily, s postupuj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dasem a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou piva, popt\u00e1vku po men\u0161\u00edch obalech.<\/p>\n

Sklen\u011bn\u00e9 lahve pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1poj\u016f se poprv\u00e9 objevily ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. N\u011bkdy v 16.stolet\u00ed je dolo\u017eeno jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed pro pln\u011bn\u00ed pivem. \u0160lo v\u0161ak pouze o v\u00fdjimky. Skute\u010dn\u00fd rozvoj sklen\u011bn\u00fdch obal\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed a\u017e na p\u0159elomu 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed a masivn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed piva do lahv\u00ed ze skla a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Dle historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f se pivo do lahv\u00ed za\u010dalo poprv\u00e9 v Praze plnit v roce 1841. D\u011blo se tak v pivovaru U K\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f na Star\u00e9m M\u011bst\u011b. Zam\u011bstnanci tohoto pivovaru dokonce rozv\u00e1\u017eeli povozem lahvov\u00e9 pivo po kupeck\u00fdch kr\u00e1mc\u00edch Prahy. Tento zp\u016fsob distribuce chmelov\u00e9ho moku byl pro druhou polovinu 19.stolet\u00ed dosti neobvykl\u00fd. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b ostatn\u00edch pivovar\u016f nebo u obchodn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvali prodejem lahvov\u00e9ho piva, pou\u017e\u00edvaly kameninov\u00e9 lahve.<\/p>\n

Mnohem \u010dast\u011bji bylo pozd\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no pln\u011bn\u00ed piva do lahv\u00ed v mal\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdch st\u00e1\u010d\u00edrn\u00e1ch. Obchodn\u00edk nebo i hostinsk\u00fd v hospod\u011b musel zakoupit malou plni\u010dku lahv\u00ed a nechal si specializovanou firmou vyrobit ur\u010dit\u00fd po\u010det lahv\u00ed (s ohledem na po\u010det sv\u00fdch p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f). Lahve byly bu\u010f bez n\u00e1pisu, tedy levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nebo s n\u00e1pisem. Pak u\u017e si jen nechal z pivovaru p\u0159iv\u00e9zt sud piva a mohl chmelov\u00fd mok prod\u00e1vat v men\u0161\u00edch obalech. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed obchodn\u00edci se na prodej lahvov\u00e9ho piva p\u0159\u00edmo specializovali.<\/p>\n

Lahve na pln\u011bn\u00ed piva se d\u011blily na pivovarsk\u00e9 a pivn\u00ed. Pivovarsk\u00e9 lahve byly v majetku pivovaru a b\u00fdvaly ozna\u010deny n\u00e1pisem nebo logem v\u00fdrobce piva. Majiteli pivn\u00edch lahv\u00ed byly soukrom\u00e9 osoby, firmy nebo spolky, kter\u00e9 samy pivo nevyr\u00e1b\u011bly. Byly to lahve hostinsk\u00fdch, hoteli\u00e9r\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1\u010deli pivo z pivovar\u016f do sv\u00fdch lahv\u00ed, ale t\u0159eba i st\u00e1\u010d\u00edren nebo sklad\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 bylo ekonomi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dov\u00e9zt z pivovaru sudov\u00e9 pivo a pak jej teprve p\u0159ed prodejem sto\u010dit do lahv\u00ed. L\u00e1hve se uzav\u00edraly zpo\u010d\u00e1tku korkem, pozd\u011bji se p\u0159e\u0161lo na keramickou z\u00e1tku, je\u017e byla upevn\u011bna k hrdlu.<\/p>\n

Od po\u010d\u00e1tku masov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed lahv\u00ed jako pivn\u00edho obalu fungoval syst\u00e9m z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak, jak ho zn\u00e1me dnes . Pivachtiv\u00fd spot\u0159ebitel si napoprv\u00e9 koupil lahvov\u00e9 pivo a zaplatil z\u00e1lohu na l\u00e1hev. <\/p>\n

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Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161el podruh\u00e9, p\u0159inesl si \u010dist\u011b vymytou l\u00e1hev a nechal si do n\u00ed sto\u010dit nov\u00e9 pivo. Kdy\u017e se z\u00e1kazn\u00edk rozhodl, \u017ee nebudete d\u00e1le kupovat lahvov\u00e9 pivo, vr\u00e1til obchodn\u00edkovi \u010distou l\u00e1hev a on vyplatil zp\u011bt z\u00e1lohu.<\/p>\n

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Sklen\u011bn\u00e9 pivn\u00ed lahve b\u00fdvaly v dob\u00e1ch rozvoje lahvov\u00e1n\u00ed piva mal\u00fdm um\u011bleck\u00fdm d\u00edlem. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pivovar se cht\u011bl tvarem a vzhledem sv\u00fdch lahv\u00ed zviditelnit, odli\u0161it od ostatn\u00edch. Na lahv\u00edch se objevovaly jm\u00e9na v\u00fdrobc\u016f piva nebo loga pivovar\u016f. N\u00e1pisy byly lit\u00e9, leptan\u00e9, p\u00edskovan\u00e9, vybrou\u0161en\u00e9 nebo jen vy\u0161kr\u00e1ban\u00e9. Cena lahvov\u00e9ho piva na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed byla samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vysok\u00e1, tak\u017ee si pivo v tomto obalu mohli dovolit pouze bohat\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Do roku 1875 byl pro pivn\u00ed lahve pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jedin\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd objem z dolnorakousk\u00e9 sestavy dut\u00fdch m\u011br a t\u00edm byla \u201eholba\u201c. Holba obsahovala zhruba 0,7 litru. Dne 1. ledna 1876 byl zaveden 1 litr jako sou\u010d\u00e1st decim\u00e1ln\u00ed metrick\u00e9 soustavy a lahve pot\u00e9 ji\u017e m\u011bly v\u011bt\u0161inou obsah 1,0 \u010di 0,5 litru. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm typem lahvi vyroben\u00fdch na konci 19.stolet\u00ed byl cylindrick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

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B\u011bhem posledn\u00ed \u010dtvrtiny 19. stolet\u00ed se objevily prvn\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e9 etikety. Lepen\u00ed etiket na lahve p\u0159isp\u011blo k je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed lahvov\u00e1n\u00ed piva, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edmo u v\u00fdrobc\u016f piva. Men\u0161\u00ed pivovary mohly pou\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e1hve z v\u00fdkupu bez ohledu na to, kdo pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto vypustil do ob\u011bhu. Pap\u00edrov\u00e1 etiketa umo\u017enila tak\u00e9 snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bnu designu obalu, plnila funkci informativn\u00ed i reklamn\u00ed. Na etiket\u00e1ch se krom\u011b zna\u010dky a v\u00fdrobce objevovalo i m\u00edsto pln\u011bn\u00ed (nap\u0159.soukrom\u00e9 st\u00e1\u010d\u00edrny).<\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed piva se pou\u017e\u00edvaly d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 nosi\u010de s madlem pro 8 – 12 lahv\u00ed. Hned na po\u010d\u00e1tku lahvov\u00e1n\u00ed piva existovaly i d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 bedny (basy). Na bedn\u011b nesm\u011blo chyb\u011bt logo pivovaru nebo st\u00e1\u010d\u00edrny. P\u0159i p\u0159eprav\u011b na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti byly lahve zabaleny do sl\u00e1my a cestovaly v uzav\u00edrateln\u00fdch bedn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po stalet\u00ed byly p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm obalem pro pln\u011bn\u00ed uva\u0159en\u00e9ho piva d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 sudy. Jejich velk\u00fd objem, nesnadn\u00e1 manipulace s nimi, kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 trvanlivost tehdy vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho moku, vynutily, s postupuj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dasem a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou piva, popt\u00e1vku po men\u0161\u00edch...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43595"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43595\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}