{"id":43744,"date":"2018-05-24T04:00:52","date_gmt":"2018-05-24T02:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=43744"},"modified":"2022-11-28T14:25:13","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T13:25:13","slug":"43744","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=43744","title":{"rendered":"Pivovarnictv\u00ed po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rozpad Rakouska-Uherska a vznik samostatn\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky v roce 1918 p\u0159inesl, krom\u011b v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho nad\u0161en\u00ed obyvatel \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch po stalet\u00ed pod nadvl\u00e1dou cizozemc\u016f, tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<br \/>\nA\u010d se prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka nedotkla p\u0159\u00edmo na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed, hluboce na hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zem\u011b dolehla.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158ada pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch podnik\u016f musela b\u011bhem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch let ukon\u010dit provoz. Byly p\u0159etrh\u00e1ny star\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed vazby, st\u00e1ty se navz\u00e1jem chr\u00e1nily \u0159adou celn\u00edch bari\u00e9r, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod byl v trosk\u00e1ch. V\u00e1lkou zdecimovan\u00e1 \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 ekonomika se jen zt\u011b\u017eka rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bla v nov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<br \/>\nTak\u00e9 pivovarnictv\u00ed, jako velmi dob\u0159e funguj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, se nyn\u00ed nach\u00e1zelo ve velice \u0161patn\u00e9m stavu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pivovary se pomalu vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1valy s d\u016fsledky v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch let. B\u011bhem p\u0159edchoz\u00edch \u010dty\u0159 let postupn\u011b odch\u00e1zely do v\u00e1lky kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly a mnoho t\u011bchto pivovarnick\u00fdch a sladovnick\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f se ji\u017e v roce 1918 zp\u011bt ke sv\u00e9mu \u0159emeslu nevr\u00e1tilo. Zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 pom\u011bry se projevovaly i v tom, \u017ee na vedouc\u00ed m\u00edsta byli p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ni \u010de\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci. Ne v\u017edy to bylo ku prosp\u011bchu kvality produkce. V mnoha pivovarech byly rovn\u011b\u017e nahrazeny star\u00e9, n\u011bmeck\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy moku \u010desk\u00fdmi. Arm\u00e1da \u010dasto b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky zrekv\u00edrovala pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby v\u0161echny kon\u011b, st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy pot\u00ed\u017ee s telefonem a telegrafem. Mnoho pivovar\u016f bylo nuceno v letech 1915-1918 odv\u00e9zt nejprve postradateln\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti z barevn\u00fdch kov\u016f, ale posl\u00e9ze ji\u017e musely demontovat celou varn\u00ed soupravu a odv\u00e9st ji na v\u00e1le\u010dnou v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-width: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/d15-a.sdn.cz\/d_15\/c_img_F_I\/KQzBWeD.jpeg\" width=\"496\" height=\"323\" align=\"right\" border=\"0\"><\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky poklesl po\u010det pivovar\u016f v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b z 648 na 526. Na konci v\u00e1lky se vyrobilo jen 1,5 mili\u00f3n\u016f hektolitr\u016f n\u00edzkostup\u0148ov\u00e9ho piva. V letech 1919-1920 fungovalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 560 pivovar\u016f, kter\u00e9 uva\u0159ily kolem 5 mili\u00f3n\u016f hektolitr\u016f moku. Znakem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch let i prvn\u00edch let \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu byly pro pivovarnictv\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm kvalitn\u00edch surovin. Pro v\u00fdrobu piva se vyu\u017e\u00edvalo rozli\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1hra\u017eek, Slad se nahrazuje p\u00fdrem, \u010dirokem, \u0159epou, medem, bramborov\u00fdm \u0161krobem, vl\u010d\u00edm bobem, tu\u0159\u00ednem, mrkv\u00ed. V r\u00e1mci v\u00e1zan\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed byly suroviny na p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl. Dne 12.prosince 1920 vydala \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 pivovarsk\u00e1 komise v Praze na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ev\u00fdroba se podle nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho stavu p\u0159\u00edd\u011blu surovin zvy\u0161ovati nem\u016f\u017ee, bylo proto rozhodnuto vyr\u00e1b\u011bti d\u00e1le pivo 5\u02da a vedle toho bude p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba piva 8\u02da. Ur\u010den\u00e9 ceny 1 hl 5\u02da &#8211; 140 korun, 1 hl 8\u02da &#8211; 206 korun.\u201c V pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 1921 Komise ceny n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zvy\u0161ovala.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e1zan\u00e9, st\u00e1tem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed skon\u010dilo 31. srpna 1921. V r\u00e1mci v\u00e1zan\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed existovala z\u00e1konn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed v\u00fdroby a stup\u0148ovitosti piva. Vl\u00e1dn\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm z 1. prosince 1921 \u010d.432 Sb. se zru\u0161ily dosud platn\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 ceny piva a jejich tvorba byla ponech\u00e1na voln\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b vydan\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu Ministerstva financ\u00ed ozn\u00e1mil v roce 1921 Ochrann\u00fd svaz pivovar\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00ed kategori\u00ed piv. 10\u02da pivo bylo ozna\u010deno jako v\u00fd\u010depn\u00ed, do 12\u02da byl le\u017e\u00e1k, nad 12\u02da bylo pivo \u201especieln\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1vratu k v\u00fdrob\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch piv z doby p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ale br\u00e1nily drah\u00e9 suroviny a vysok\u00e9 zdan\u011bn\u00ed piva.<\/p>\n<p>Otev\u0159en\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159ineslo znovu dostatek kvalitn\u00edho je\u010dmene, suroviny pro v\u00fdrobu chmelov\u00e9ho moku v\u0161ak byly ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 p\u0159edra\u017een\u00e9. Tradovalo se, \u017ee pivovary musely zaplatit za je\u010dmen a\u017e t\u0159in\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobek p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ceny, u paliv byl n\u00e1r\u016fst cen je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pro v\u00fdpo\u010det dan\u00ed z pivovarsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby v nov\u00e9m \u010ceskoslovensku se vzaly za z\u00e1klad tzv. hektolitrov\u00e9 stupn\u011b zaveden\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b za Rakouska-Uherska s ozna\u010den\u00edm hl\u02da. Org\u00e1ny st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontroly prov\u00e1d\u011bly jejich stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed na chlad\u00edc\u00edch stoc\u00edch. Vypo\u010d\u00edtaly se jako n\u00e1sobek mno\u017estv\u00ed mladiny v hl a zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 stup\u0148ovitosti p\u0159i 17\u02daC. Da\u0148 z piva m\u011bla tedy charakter dan\u011b v\u00fdrobn\u00ed z meziproduktu. Zm\u011bnu p\u0159inesl rok 1920, kdy do\u0161lo ke zm\u011bn\u011b povahy zda\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v pivovarnictv\u00ed. Za\u010dal se zda\u0148ovat hotov\u00fd produkt. Pro ur\u010den\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e n\u00e1pojov\u00e9 dan\u011b bylo rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed a kvalita prodan\u00e9ho piva.<\/p>\n <script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- zpravy -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-5694300196982120\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"3541247592\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n<p>Produkty \u010desk\u00fdch a moravsk\u00fdch pivovar\u016f byly v dob\u00e1ch rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 monarchie velice obl\u00edben\u00e9 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pivovary m\u011bly z exportu zna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy a vzhledem k mno\u017estv\u00ed provoz\u016f v tuzemsku, byly do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry na v\u00fdvozu piva z\u00e1visl\u00e9. B\u011bhem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch let klesl export t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na nulu a d\u00edky celn\u00edm bari\u00e9r\u00e1m, n\u00edzk\u00e9 kvalit\u011b piva zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 nedostatkem kvalitn\u00edch surovin a vysok\u00fdm cen\u00e1m, se pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoz rozj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl velmi pomalu. Nav\u00edc velk\u00fdm pivovar\u016fm u\u0161kodilo zaveden\u00ed prohibice v USA od 17.1.1920.<\/p>\n<p>Pivovary byly donuceny ke hled\u00e1n\u00ed odbyti\u0161\u0165 v nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 republice. V roce 1921 vypr\u0161ela platnost star\u00e9 kartelov\u00e9 smlouvy o ochran\u011b odb\u011bratel\u016f. Konkuren\u010dn\u00ed boj se velice vyost\u0159il. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed popt\u00e1vce po tuzemsk\u00e9m chmelov\u00e9m moku nepomohly ani vysok\u00e9 ceny b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch potravin, nezam\u011bstnanost a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nepokoje. D\u016fsledky zhor\u0161en\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 situace a tvrd\u00e9ho podnikatelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v oboru dolehly zejm\u00e9na na men\u0161\u00ed pivovary s v\u00fdstavem do 10 000 hektolitr\u016f. Od roku 1922 do roku 1928 ukon\u010dilo \u010dinnost na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cSR celkem 140 pivovar\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"border-width: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.statistikaamy.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/42_historie_pivo_6.png\" width=\"496\" height=\"323\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\"><\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017enost na z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch odbyti\u0161\u0165 zejm\u00e9na pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pivovary sk\u00fdtalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Slovensko a Podkarpatsk\u00e1 Rus. Na t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00edch sice nebylo mnoho m\u00edstn\u00edch pivovarsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b chmelov\u00fd mok zde nebyl tak obl\u00edben\u00fd jak v\u00edno nebo lihov\u00e9 n\u00e1poje.<\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pivovary nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 republiky dle v\u00fdstavu byly:<br \/>\n1. M\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fd pivovar v Plzni<br \/>\n2. Akcion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pivovar na Sm\u00edchov\u011b<br \/>\n3. Ringhoffer\u016fv pivovar ve Velk\u00fdch Popovic\u00edch<br \/>\n4. Prvn\u00ed brn\u011bnsk\u00fd akciov\u00fd pivovar v Brn\u011b<br \/>\n5. \u010cesk\u00fd akciov\u00fd pivovar v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n<p>Pivovary se ve 20.letech sna\u017eily vyjednat nov\u00e9 smlouvy o ochran\u011b odb\u011bratel\u016f. Zejm\u00e9na velk\u00e9 podniky uzav\u00edraly mezi sebou r\u016fzn\u00e9 bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dohody o rozd\u011blen\u00ed trhu.<br \/>\nObrat k lep\u0161\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm nastal v \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9m pivovarnictv\u00ed a\u017e na p\u0159elomu 20.a 30 let. Jako p\u0159elomov\u00fd je uv\u00e1d\u011bn rok 1929, kdy v\u00fdroba dos\u00e1hla p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu.<br \/>\nZvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdroby po v\u00e1lce gradoval v roce 1930, kdy se vyrobilo p\u0159es 11 mili\u00f3n\u016f hektolitr\u016f chmelov\u00e9ho moku. V roce 1930 v \u010cSR va\u0159ilo 457 pivovar\u016f, v \u010cech\u00e1ch 358 (9 836 000 hl), na Morav\u011b a ve Slezsku 71 (1 834 000 hl), na Slovensku 15 (263 000 hl) a v Podkarpatsk\u00e9 Rusi 1 (20 000 hl).<\/p>\n<p>Na ilustra\u010dn\u00edch sn\u00edmc\u00edch:<br \/>\nPivovar Kl\u00e1\u0161ter-Hradi\u0161t\u011b (zdroj: pivovar), Pansk\u00fd pivovar Poln\u00e1 (z archivu Klubu za historickou Polnou), M\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fd pivovar Poln\u00e1 (z archivu Klubu za historickou Polnou)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rozpad Rakouska-Uherska a vznik samostatn\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky v roce 1918 p\u0159inesl, krom\u011b v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho nad\u0161en\u00ed obyvatel \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch po stalet\u00ed pod nadvl\u00e1dou cizozemc\u016f, tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. A\u010d se prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka nedotkla p\u0159\u00edmo na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed,&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43749,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43744\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}