{"id":44144,"date":"2018-06-06T04:19:38","date_gmt":"2018-06-06T02:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=44144"},"modified":"2025-01-20T10:08:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:08:50","slug":"historie-hostincu-stredoveke-krcmy-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=44144","title":{"rendered":"Historie hostinc\u016f \u2013 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kr\u010dmy I."},"content":{"rendered":"

Kr\u010dmy se ve spisech dobov\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f kronik objevily n\u011bkdy na po\u010d\u00e1tku 11.stolet\u00ed. To v\u0161ak ji\u017e byl n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das rozvoj pohostinsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v pln\u00e9m proudu. Hostince nesly funkci v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch a komunika\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed hostince vznikaly p\u0159i kl\u00e1\u0161terech a slou\u017eily k ob\u010derstven\u00ed a ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch poutn\u00edk\u016f. Ke konci 11.stolet\u00ed a po\u010d\u00e1tkem 12.stolet\u00ed u\u017e vznikaly hostince jako houby po de\u0161ti nejen ve m\u011bstech, ale i na vesnic\u00edch. U cest byly zakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny tzv.formansk\u00e9 hospody, co\u017e byly z\u00e1jezdn\u00ed hostince, ve kter\u00fdch p\u0159esp\u00e1vali se
\nsv\u00fdmi vozy forman\u00e9, tedy n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 p\u0159epravci. V podstat\u011b tehdy existovaly dva druhy hospod. Jednak luxusn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hostince z\u00e1jezdn\u00ed – forman\u00e9 si mohli dovolit ur\u010ditou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 slu\u017eeb. Pak p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm fungovaly oby\u010dejn\u00e9 kr\u010dmy s pr\u00e1vem \u0161enku, ve kter\u00fdch s korbelem v ruce splachovalo pot z celodenn\u00ed d\u0159iny mnoho poddan\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku hospoda slou\u017eila i k z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatel r\u016fzn\u00fdmi dovezen\u00fdmi druhy zbo\u017e\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 si u \u0161enk\u00fd\u0159e kupovali s\u016fl, ko\u0159en\u00ed nebo i maso. Prvn\u00ed hospody ve m\u011bstech provozovali ve sv\u00fdch domech pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed v nich \u0161enkovali vlastn\u00ed uva\u0159en\u00e9 pivo. Pozd\u011bji se hostinsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost stala \u017eivnost\u00ed n\u00e1jemnou. Ve m\u011bst\u011b byla kr\u010dma bezprost\u0159edn\u011b sv\u00e1z\u00e1na s tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm. Jednak se v n\u00ed stavovali kupci a formani a o dnech trh\u016f se plnila vesni\u010dany, a tak\u00e9 slou\u017eila jako m\u00edsto uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed obchod\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokud bylo p\u0159edm\u011btem obchodu zbo\u017e\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty, prob\u00edhala transakce podle specifick\u00e9ho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e: dohoda o cen\u011b p\u0159ed sv\u011bdky, p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz, pod\u00e1n\u00ed ruky a po\u010dastov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pojem v\u0161ech, kte\u0159\u00ed se obchodu \u00fa\u010dastnili – prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho a sv\u011bdk\u016f. Ob\u0159ad se odb\u00fdval pr\u00e1v\u011b v kr\u010dm\u011b. Proto byla n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011b obklopena \u010dasto v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem kr\u010dem.
\nV oblastech Polab\u00ed je dolo\u017eena i jin\u00e1 funkce hostinc\u016f. V kr\u010dm\u00e1ch se shroma\u017e\u010fovaly odvody dan\u00ed, cel \u010di jin\u00fdch feud\u00e1ln\u00edch poplatk\u016f. Tyto sou\u010d\u00e1sti tamn\u00ed bern\u00ed soustavy m\u011bly formu natur\u00e1li\u00ed. Vrchnosten\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pot\u00e9 sv\u00e1\u017eeli na vozech \u201eodveden\u00e9 dan\u011b\u201c na pansk\u00e9 s\u00eddlo.<\/p>\n

Ve m\u011bst\u011b nebylo dovoleno zakl\u00e1dat hospodu komukoliv, budouc\u00ed kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159 musel z\u00edskat m\u011bstsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo k \u0161enkov\u00e1n\u00ed. I kdy\u017e m\u011bla m\u011bstsk\u00e1 pokladna z provozu hostinc\u016f a prodeje piva v nich nezanedbateln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy, p\u0159esto byly kon\u0161el\u00e9 p\u0159i ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho povolen\u00ed opatrn\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e se jednalo o p\u0159espoln\u00edho.<\/p>\n

Hospoda v on\u011bch dob\u00e1ch byla neod\u011blitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed domu \u0161enk\u00fd\u0159e. Dom\u00e1cnost hospodsk\u00e9ho byla s kr\u010dmou propojena. Neexistovalo soukrom\u00ed pro rodinu, cel\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnost majitele byla do provozu hostince zapojena. Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bl sv\u016fj \u00fakol, svou pr\u00e1ci. Vlastn\u00ed v\u00fd\u010dep v\u011bt\u0161inou vedla man\u017eelka hospodsk\u00e9ho nebo vdova po n\u011bm. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva \u0161enku tak byla v podstat\u011b na \u00farovni sousedsk\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee se v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edstup person\u00e1lu rozli\u0161oval dle typu p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edho. Spektrum n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f b\u00fdvalo toti\u017e velmi pestr\u00e9 – od ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161lechty, p\u0159es duchovenstvo, m\u011b\u0161\u0165any, sedl\u00e1ky a\u017e k lidem stoj\u00edc\u00edm na okraji spole\u010dnosti, kte\u0159\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kr\u010dm\u00e1ch nal\u00e9zali vhodn\u00fd \u00fakryt.<\/p>\n

Potencion\u00e1ln\u00ed host\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch kr\u010dem rozpoznali staven\u00ed, kde se \u010depovalo pivo dle slam\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u011bch\u00fdtku (svazek krat\u0161\u00edch st\u00e9bel sl\u00e1my sv\u00e1zan\u00fd nebo skroucen\u00fd), kter\u00fd byl zav\u011b\u0161en nad vchodem nebo ve \u0161t\u00edt\u011b domu. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hostince byly vybaveny velice prost\u011b. \u0160enkovn\u00ed m\u00edstnost b\u00fdvala prost\u00e1 jizba s hlin\u011bnou podlahou, m\u011bla dva a\u017e t\u0159i stoly s trno\u017e\u00ed a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 lavice. St\u011bny hosp\u016fdky byly ov\u011b\u0161eny mno\u017estv\u00edm n\u00e1dob \u2013 konvic, korbel\u016f, \u017eejdl\u00edk\u016f. Pivo se nosilo ze sklepa v plechov\u00fdch konv\u00edch a v kr\u010dm\u011b se chladilo v d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch be\u010dk\u00e1ch napln\u011bn\u00fdch studenou vodou nebo ledem. Odm\u011b\u0159ovalo se plechov\u00fdmi \u017eejdl\u00edky.<\/p>\n

V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch musel b\u00fdt v ka\u017ed\u00e9 kr\u010dm\u011b \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b \u201eocejchovan\u00fd \u017eejdl\u00edk\u201c. N\u00e1doba m\u011bla p\u0159i kraji p\u0159ipevn\u011bn h\u0159eb\u00edk ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou m\u00edru. Rycht\u00e1\u0159, radn\u00ed nebo obecn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci pak kontrolovali pravideln\u011b nebo n\u00e1hodn\u011b v\u011brohodnost \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b potvrzen\u00e9ho \u017eejdl\u00edku. Pokud \u017eejdl\u00edk neodpov\u00eddal na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, „na m\u00edst\u011b jej provrtali“, co\u017e znamenalo odejmut\u00ed \u017eivnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd host m\u011bl pr\u00e1vo zkontrolovat si spr\u00e1vnou m\u00edru sv\u00e9ho moku. Kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159i ne\u0161idili hosty jen \u201epodm\u00edr\u00e1ky\u201c, ale r\u016fzn\u011b pivo \u0159edili vodou nebo do kvalitn\u00edho n\u00e1poje p\u0159il\u00e9vali patoky nebo jin\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 piva.<\/p>\n

Prameny: M\u00edla Linc: St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd sv\u011bt (nakladatelstv\u00ed Straky na vrb\u011b)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kr\u010dmy se ve spisech dobov\u00fdch tv\u016frc\u016f kronik objevily n\u011bkdy na po\u010d\u00e1tku 11.stolet\u00ed. To v\u0161ak ji\u017e byl n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das rozvoj pohostinsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb v pln\u00e9m proudu. Hostince nesly funkci v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch a komunika\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed hostince...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44149,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44144\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}