{"id":44265,"date":"2018-06-08T04:16:01","date_gmt":"2018-06-08T02:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=44265"},"modified":"2025-01-20T10:08:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:08:22","slug":"historie-hostincu-stredoveke-krcmy-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=44265","title":{"rendered":"Historie hostinc\u016f \u2013 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kr\u010dmy II."},"content":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00ed vesnick\u00e9 kr\u010dmy byly v\u011bt\u0161inou spojeny s rychtou. Rycht\u00e1\u0159 byl dosazov\u00e1n do \u010dela vs\u00ed vrchnost\u00ed, a\u0165 ji\u017e feud\u00e1lem nebo p\u0159edstavitelem m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9mu vesnice pat\u0159ila. S touto funkc\u00ed bylo spojeno i pr\u00e1vo v\u00fd\u010depn\u00ed, tedy provozovat v obci hospodu jako jednu z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vesnick\u00fdch \u017eivnost\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed hospodou ve v\u00fdchodomoravsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edch b\u00fdvalo fojtstv\u00ed. Fojti toti\u017e m\u011bli v\u00fd\u010depn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a taky povinnost \u0161enkovat pansk\u00e9 pivo a ko\u0159alku.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji se ve vztahu k provozu hostinc\u016f vyvinula kontroln\u00ed \u010dinnost rycht\u00e1\u0159e. Rycht\u00e1\u0159 doz\u00edral na to, aby se v kr\u010dm\u011b neprod\u00e1valo ciz\u00ed pivo nebo ko\u0159alka (ne\u017e pansk\u00e1) nebo zda se dokonce v obci tyto n\u00e1poje neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b neva\u0159\u00ed. D\u00e1le kontroloval, zda soused\u00e9 nevysed\u00e1vaj\u00ed v kr\u010dm\u011b ve v\u0161edn\u00ed dny, zda nehraj\u00ed karty nebo kostky o pen\u00edze nebo o pivo. Do kr\u010dmy svol\u00e1val rycht\u00e1\u0159 tak\u00e9 obecn\u00ed sch\u016fze, kter\u00e9 se museli z\u00fa\u010dastnit v\u0161ichni soused\u00e9. U \u017eejdl\u00edk\u016f pivn\u00edho moku se oznamovaly a projedn\u00e1valy z\u00e1le\u017eitosti obecn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu a majetku.<\/p>\n\n

V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bku ji\u017e nebylo provozov\u00e1n\u00ed hospody z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed pouze rycht\u00e1\u0159e \u010di fojta, n\u00fdbr\u017e vrchnost sama ve sv\u00fdch poddansk\u00fdch vs\u00edch hostinec p\u0159\u00edmo provozovala nebo m\u011bla pr\u00e1vo si ji \u201evysadit\u201c \u010dili z\u0159\u00eddit a pot\u00e9 pronaj\u00edmat. Z\u00e1le\u017eelo na exkluzivit\u011b samotn\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u0161enku. Pozd\u011bji samotn\u00e9 vesnice kr\u010dmy zakl\u00e1daly a pronaj\u00edmaly. Stavebn\u011b se kr\u010dmy neli\u0161ily v\u00fdrazn\u011b od jin\u00fdch vesnick\u00fdch dom\u016f. Obytn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st t\u0159\u00edd\u00edln\u00e9ho staven\u00ed slou\u017eila jako \u0161enkovna.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dobov\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy kladly na hostinsk\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 povinnosti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159 musel dohl\u00ed\u017eet na to, jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 hosty, nesm\u011bl ubytov\u00e1vat nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 osoby d\u00e9le ne\u017e t\u0159i dny bez v\u011bdom\u00ed a souhlasu rycht\u00e1\u0159e, jinak za takov\u00e9ho nenahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho hosta zaplatil finan\u010dn\u00ed pokutu. Kdy\u017e host nem\u011bl \u010d\u00edm zaplatit, hostinsk\u00fd m\u011bl za povinnost vy\u017e\u00e1dat si n\u011bco do z\u00e1stavy. Stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo jednoduch\u00e9 – host jedl z jedn\u00e9 m\u00edsy spole\u010dn\u011b s rodinou hostinsk\u00e9ho, na noc byl ulo\u017een tam, kde bylo m\u00edsto, v\u011bt\u0161inou v \u0161enkovn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti na stole nebo na lavici. Pokud m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed u sebe zbra\u0148, musel ji odevzdat kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159i do \u00faschovy. Kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159 nesm\u011bl dovolit hru v kostky nebo karty a nesm\u011bl nech\u00e1vat lidi sed\u011bt v kr\u010dm\u011b p\u0159es noc. Obecn\u00ed sluha mohl v kr\u010dm\u011b karty a kostky odebrat. Na pij\u00e1ck\u00e9m ve\u010deru nesm\u011bly b\u00fdt uzav\u00edr\u00e1ny obchody, v\u00fdm\u011bny ani dohody. O ned\u011bl\u00edch a jin\u00fdch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch se neprod\u00e1vala a ne\u010depovala p\u00e1lenka ani pivo p\u0159ed k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm a m\u0161\u00ed svatou. Nedodr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed bylo trest\u00e1no pokutou.<\/p>\n

Hostince se v\u011bt\u0161inou zav\u00edraly s po\u010d\u00e1tkem obch\u016fzky ponocn\u00e9ho, tedy do jeden\u00e1ct\u00e9 hodiny no\u010dn\u00ed, ale samostatn\u011b \u0161enkuj\u00edc\u00ed vdovy zav\u00edraly ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. Hospod\u0161t\u00ed \u0161enk otev\u00edrali nej\u010dast\u011bji a\u017e „po pr\u00e1ci“, nejednou v\u0161ak u\u017e od r\u00e1na. Vesnick\u00fd kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159 ukon\u010doval ka\u017edou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu soused\u016f \u201evysv\u00edcen\u00edm\u201c. Vzal sv\u00edtilnu a doprovodil hosta a\u017e p\u0159ed jeho d\u016fm. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci kr\u010dmy se v dobov\u00fdch textech ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako „pitel\u00e9“. Jinou skupinu tvo\u0159ili p\u0159espoln\u00ed. \u017den\u00e1m v doprovodu mu\u017ee nebo mu\u017e\u016f nikdo \u00fa\u010dast v kr\u010dm\u011b nezakazoval. V kr\u010dm\u011b se vlastn\u011b odehr\u00e1val vesnick\u00fd \u017eivot, tvo\u0159ilo se zde tak\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed na vesnici.<\/p>\n

Kr\u010dma, spolu s ml\u00fdnem, zaji\u0161\u0165ovala obchod na vsi. Nebyla k nalezen\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 vesnici, obvykle se nach\u00e1zela ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vs\u00edch s farn\u00edm kostelem. Krom\u011b funkce shroma\u017edi\u0161t\u011b byla i m\u00edstem tane\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1bav. Hospodsk\u00fd m\u011bl tak\u00e9 st\u00e1lou, by\u0165 nevelkou, z\u00e1sobu pen\u011bz, tud\u00ed\u017e m\u011bl v\u011bt\u0161inou i p\u0159\u00edjmy z p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed hotovosti.<\/p>\n

Existence kr\u010dem tehdy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela krom\u011b kladn\u00fdch str\u00e1nek v podob\u011b stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, ob\u010derstven\u00ed, odpo\u010dinku, spole\u010densk\u00e9ho kontaktu, tak\u00e9 negativn\u00ed jevy ve form\u011b hazardn\u00edch her, prostituce, opilstv\u00ed, jin\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f. Kn\u00ed\u017ee B\u0159etislav dokonce ji\u017e v roce 1039 vydal z\u00e1kony, t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mravnosti v hostinc\u00edch. Za poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f byli trest\u00e1ni nejen samotn\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci, ale tak\u00e9 kr\u010dm\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u010depn\u00edci neboli \u0161enk\u00fd\u0159i se sdru\u017eovali do bratrstev, nikoliv cech\u016f. Byli pod p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm dohledem tzv. \u0161estipansk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu (zasedalo v n\u011bm \u0161est p\u00e1n\u016f). Ve znaku m\u011bli \u0161t\u00edt a na n\u011bm pod korunou dv\u011b zk\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u017eezla. Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky o samostatn\u00fdch \u201ebratrstvech \u0161enk\u00e9\u0159\u016f“ poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ji\u017e z poloviny 14.stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prameny: M\u00edla Linc: St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd sv\u011bt (nakladatelstv\u00ed Straky na vrb\u011b)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00ed vesnick\u00e9 kr\u010dmy byly v\u011bt\u0161inou spojeny s rychtou. Rycht\u00e1\u0159 byl dosazov\u00e1n do \u010dela vs\u00ed vrchnost\u00ed, a\u0165 ji\u017e feud\u00e1lem nebo p\u0159edstavitelem m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9mu vesnice pat\u0159ila. S touto funkc\u00ed bylo spojeno i pr\u00e1vo v\u00fd\u010depn\u00ed, tedy provozovat...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44265"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44265\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}