{"id":44926,"date":"2018-06-27T00:06:41","date_gmt":"2018-06-26T22:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=44926"},"modified":"2025-01-20T10:06:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:06:09","slug":"rozkvet-ceskych-hospod-v-dobe-narodniho-obrozeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=44926","title":{"rendered":"Rozkv\u011bt \u010desk\u00fdch hospod v dob\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hospoda jako za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo instituce si s sebou ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed d\u011bjin nesla velmi po\u0161ramocenou pov\u011bst. Byla spojov\u00e1na pouze s opilstv\u00edm, nekalostmi, zlo\u010dinem. Do pov\u011bdom\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v jin\u00e9m, lep\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btle se dostala a\u017e v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19.stolet\u00ed v souvislosti se spole\u010densk\u00fdmi a kulturn\u00edmi snahami ozna\u010dovan\u00fdmi jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e9 a moravsk\u00e9 regiony Rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 monarchie konce 18.stolet\u00ed byly zna\u010dn\u011b pon\u011bm\u010den\u00e9. Spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot a kulturn\u00ed d\u011bn\u00ed byly ve znamen\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho jazyka. Zejm\u00e9na ve m\u011bstech byla \u010de\u0161tina spojov\u00e1na s nekulturnost\u00ed \u010di dokonce soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pod\u0159azenost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Reformy Marie Terezie a Josefa II. (vyd\u00e1n\u00ed toleran\u010dn\u00edho patentu -13.10.1781, zru\u0161en\u00ed nevolnictv\u00ed -1781, omezen\u00ed cenzury) uvolnily prostor pro realizaci n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch snah v monarchii. V \u010cech\u00e1ch nelze nezm\u00ednit alespo\u0148 Josefa Jungmanna, kter\u00fd se pokusil polo\u017eit teoretick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady nov\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji \u010de\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n

Vlasteneck\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a buditelsk\u00e9 programy bylo nutno dostat mezi \u0161irokou \u010deskou ve\u0159ejnost. A pr\u00e1v\u011b hospody k tomu nask\u00fdtaly v\u00fdbornou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti ud\u011blala z hostinc\u016f tak\u0159ka jedin\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed, ale i kontakt\u016f s \u010desk\u00fdmi um\u011blci, buditeli, intelektu\u00e1ly. V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozen\u00ed m\u011bla Praha n\u011bkolik hospod, do nich\u017e chod\u00edvali zn\u00e1m\u00ed v\u016fdci n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hnut\u00ed a venkov\u0161t\u00ed vlastenci tyto podniky nav\u0161t\u011bvovali, aby se na n\u011b mohli pod\u00edvat. V n\u011bmeck\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00e9 doby se stala hospoda \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm pro komunikaci v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b, bylo to m\u00edsto pro nejsnaz\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159ovan\u00ed my\u0161lenek vlasteneck\u00fdch obrozenc\u016f. V \u010desk\u00fdch \u0161enc\u00edch se vym\u011b\u0148ovaly nov\u00e9 knihy, vypr\u00e1v\u011blo se o akc\u00edch buditel\u016f, roz\u0161i\u0159ovaly se pozv\u00e1nky, po\u0159\u00e1daly se divadeln\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch ko\u010dovn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Ve spojen\u00ed s pivem, na kter\u00e9 jako na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1poj je pohl\u00ed\u017eeno ji\u017e od 16.stolet\u00ed, se hospody staly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi prvky vlasteneck\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na v Praze se mnoho staropra\u017esk\u00fdch hostinc\u016f a pivov\u00e1rk\u016f stalo v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19.stolet\u00ed m\u00edstem rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edho se spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a kulturn\u00edho \u017eivota. Nap\u0159\u00edklad restaurace U Pinkas\u016f se stala st\u0159ediskem \u010desk\u00e9ho vlastenectv\u00ed, kde se sch\u00e1zeli v\u011bhlasn\u00ed politici i jin\u00ed velik\u00e1ni na\u0161ich d\u011bjin Franti\u0161ek Palack\u00fd, Pavel Josef \u0160afa\u0159\u00edk, Franti\u0161ek Ladislav Rieger, Josef Jungmann. Ku Flek\u016fm chod\u00edvali J.K.Tyl, Jakub Arbes, Jan Neruda, Jaroslav Vrchlick\u00fd. K.H.Borovsk\u00fd byl \u010dast\u00fdm hostem hospody U Primas\u016f. Mnoho um\u011blc\u016f se sch\u00e1zelo v restauraci U Schnell\u016f. Na konci 19.stolet\u00ed se v tom\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9m pivovaru sch\u00e1zela pravideln\u011b spole\u010dnost pra\u017esk\u00e9 boh\u00e9my (Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Ale\u0161, Eduard Vojan). V restauraci bubensk\u00e9ho pivovaru zakotvilo D\u011blnick\u00e9 divadlo. Divadlo fungovalo tak\u00e9 v pivovarsk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b hole\u0161ovick\u00e9ho pivovaru. Neslo n\u00e1zev Uranie.<\/p>\n

Vlasteneck\u00e9 hnut\u00ed v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch druh\u00e9 poloviny 19.stolet\u00ed pokra\u010dovalo ve vzniku spolkov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Pr\u00e1v\u011b hospody se staly m\u00edstem, kde se rozli\u010dn\u00e9 spolky, sdru\u017een\u00ed \u010di jin\u00e1 z\u00e1jmov\u00e1 uskupen\u00ed, rodily. P\u0159i pop\u00edjen\u00ed chmelov\u00e9ho moku se lid\u00e9 domlouvali na tom, jak se budou pod hlavi\u010dkou \u201e\u010dehokoliv\u201c sch\u00e1zet. Hostince nebyly pouze bodem vzniku spolk\u016f, ve sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti byly s restaura\u010dn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm \u00fazce spjaty. Zde prob\u00edhala velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota spolku, zde se pl\u00e1novalo, zde se sestavoval program akc\u00ed, zde se p\u0159ed\u00e1valy informace, zde se p\u016fj\u010dovaly knihy nebo \u010detly \u010dasopisy.<\/p>\n

\u010clenov\u00e9 uskupen\u00ed si posl\u00e9ze za\u010dali v hospod\u00e1ch pronaj\u00edmat spolkov\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti. M\u00edstnosti v r\u00e1mci hostince plnily \u00falohu pravideln\u00e9ho shroma\u017edi\u0161t\u011b \u010dlen\u016f spolku. Konaly se tu sch\u016fze v\u00fdboru i valn\u00e9 hromady. Spolek si m\u00edstnost u hospodsk\u00e9ho nepronaj\u00edmal na st\u00e1lo, m\u011bl ji zamluvenou jen na n\u011bkter\u00e9 hodiny v ur\u010dit\u00fd den v t\u00fddnu. Po t\u00e9to dob\u011b se zde sch\u00e1zeli zase \u010dlenov\u00e9 jin\u00e9ho spolku. Lid\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee kdy\u017e v onu dobu hostinec nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed, najdou tu poka\u017ed\u00e9 n\u011bkoho, s k\u00fdm by mohli prohodit p\u00e1r slov.<\/p>\n

Spolky v hostinc\u00edch po\u0159\u00e1daly tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 akce. Konaly se zde z\u00e1bavy, besedy, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky, p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, sb\u00edrky. Hospody se tak v\u00fdznamn\u011b pod\u00edlely na rozvoji kulturn\u00edho a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Majitel\u00e9 \u0161enk\u016f m\u011bli pochopiteln\u011b z tohoto v\u00fdvoje radost a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby vych\u00e1zeli sdru\u017een\u00edm a spolk\u016fm vst\u0159\u00edc. Pod\u00edleli se na propagaci, pom\u00e1hali s programy akc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed v souvislosti s dal\u0161\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem byl rozkv\u011bt \u010desk\u00fdch hospod p\u0159ibrzd\u011bn. N\u00e1rodn\u011b obrozeneck\u00e9 snahy slavily \u00fasp\u011bch a \u010desk\u00e9 vlasteneck\u00e9 uv\u011bdomov\u00e1n\u00ed urazilo kus cesty vp\u0159ed. Lid\u00e9 si postupn\u011b vybudovali nov\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kde se nemuseli za sv\u016fj rodn\u00fd jazyk styd\u011bt, kde mohli svobodn\u011b v\u00e9st sv\u016fj spolkov\u00fd \u017eivot, kde se mohli setk\u00e1vat se soukmenovci podobn\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f. Vznikaly nap\u0159\u00edklad sokolovny, besedy, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zvan\u00e1 \u201e\u010desk\u00e9 domy\u201c. A\u010d byla tato prost\u0159ed\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m vzniku prvotn\u011b s hostincem sv\u00e1z\u00e1na, \u010dasem se v\u00edce osamostatnila. Obyvatel\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed vlasti, ji\u017e p\u0159estali br\u00e1t \u010deskou kulturu jako pod\u0159\u00edzenou, v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1rodn\u00edho uv\u011bdomov\u00e1n\u00ed ji za\u010dali stav\u011bt na \u00farove\u0148 jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

V tuto chv\u00edli se vyno\u0159ily ve spole\u010dnosti hlasy, kter\u00e9 se na spojitost vlasteneck\u00fdch aktivit s hostinci d\u00edvaly negativn\u011b. Vid\u011bly ve sv\u00e1zanosti spolkov\u00e9ho \u017eivota \u010cech\u016f s hospodami projev slabosti a p\u0159\u00edzemnosti. M\u00edsto, kde se n\u00e1rodn\u011b obrozeneck\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed za\u010dalo rozv\u00edjet, se nyn\u00ed stalo p\u0159\u00edt\u011b\u017e\u00ed a ter\u010dem satirick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f. To, \u017ee novodob\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 kultura v hostinsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vznikala, bylo te\u010f sp\u00ed\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ostuda.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1 se tedy napsat, \u017ee historickou \u00falohu nastartov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a kulturn\u00edho \u017eivota v 19.stolet\u00ed, hostince splnily bezezbytku. V dal\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch hospody plnily op\u011bt zejm\u00e9na funkci ob\u010derstvovac\u00edho a stravovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. A\u010dkoliv neoddiskutovateln\u00fdm faktem je, \u017ee sv\u016fj spole\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdznam si hospody udr\u017eely i nad\u00e1le a dr\u017e\u00ed si ho dodnes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hospoda jako za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo instituce si s sebou ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed d\u011bjin nesla velmi po\u0161ramocenou pov\u011bst. Byla spojov\u00e1na pouze s opilstv\u00edm, nekalostmi, zlo\u010dinem. Do pov\u011bdom\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v jin\u00e9m, lep\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btle se dostala a\u017e...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44930,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44926"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44926\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}