Pro rozvoj st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u011bst m\u011blo obrovsk\u00fdch v\u00fdznam tzv.pr\u00e1vo m\u00edlov\u00e9. Tato starod\u00e1vn\u00e1 v\u00fdsada byla pozd\u011bji zv\u00e1na jako pr\u00e1vo obvodov\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1vo m\u00edlov\u00e9 z\u00edskala n\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u011bsta v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b ji\u017e ve 12.stolet\u00ed, av\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch m\u011bst je obdr\u017eela za vl\u00e1dy Lucemburk\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 14.stolet\u00ed. Poddansk\u00e1 m\u011bsta (zalo\u017een\u00e1 \u0161lechtou) obdr\u017eela tuto v\u00fdsadu pozd\u011bji od sv\u00e9 vrchnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Podle tohoto pr\u00e1va nesm\u011bl nikdo ve vymezen\u00e9m okruhu jedn\u00e9 m\u00edle krom\u011b m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f dan\u00e9ho m\u011bsta provozovat tzv. m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u017eivnosti, toti\u017e \u0159emeslo a obchod. (Ne\u0161lo tedy pouze o v\u00fdrobu piva.)<\/p>\n
D\u00e9lka st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 m\u00edle \u2013 \u010desk\u00e9 m\u00edle byla 7 529,76 m. Hodnota t\u00e9to staro\u010desk\u00e9 jednotky, kter\u00e1 byla zavedena P\u0159emyslem Otakarem II., byla v r\u016fzn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch a na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech rozd\u00edln\u00e1, vzd\u00e1lenost se li\u0161ila od 7 do 12,5 km.<\/p>\n
Popravd\u011b nen\u00ed zcela z\u0159ejm\u00e9, jak velk\u00fd okruh byl pr\u00e1vem m\u00edle m\u00edn\u011bn. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejzaz\u0161\u00ed mysliteln\u00fd p\u0159epo\u010det by mohl p\u0159edstavovat polom\u011br asi 9 kilometr\u016f. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017ee doch\u00e1zelo k p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed kompetenc\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta le\u017eela v pom\u011brn\u011b t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti. Patrn\u011b se pak hranice dvou okruh\u016f specifikovaly p\u0159\u00edpad od p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/p>\n
M\u00edlovou v\u00fdsadou byla vylou\u010dena \u201ep\u0159espoln\u00ed\u201c konkurence, a\u010d t\u0159eba levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ceny zbo\u017e\u00ed se tak dr\u017eely na stejn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 komora, obce a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 m\u011bli nemal\u00fd a jist\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem.
\nObyvatel\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1zem\u00ed m\u011bsta tak byli donuceni povinn\u011b nakupovat jen na m\u00edstn\u00edm trhu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 povinn\u011b jej z\u00e1sobovat. V\u00fdjimky se povolovaly z\u0159\u00eddkakdy, jednou z nich byl jarmark, kdy ciz\u00ed v\u00fdrobky nab\u00eddnut\u00e9 k prodeji byly naopak v\u00edt\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n
M\u011bsta o \u201em\u00edlovou\u201c v\u00fdsadu velmi usilovala, ale z\u00edsk\u00e1vala je postupn\u011b:
\nOpava 1224, Hodon\u00edn 1228, Olomouc 1230, Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017e 1240, Brno 1243, Trutnov 1260, Louny1265, Most 1273, Znojmo 1278, P\u00edsek 1327, \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice 1351, Su\u0161ice 1356, Moravsk\u00e1 T\u0159ebov\u00e1 1370, Kol\u00edn 1391, \u0160umperk 1391, Chomutov 1399, Fr\u00fddek 1423, Kaplice 1482, Tou\u017eim 1536.<\/p>\n
Privilegia m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f pochopiteln\u011b vyvol\u00e1vala rozpory se \u0161lechtou a sedl\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed nesm\u011bli ze sv\u00fdch statk\u016f dov\u00e1\u017eet pivo do m\u011bst. Tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 z men\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst by r\u00e1di dov\u00e1\u017eeli sv\u00e9 pivo do velk\u00fdch m\u011bst s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou po moku.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1vo m\u00edlov\u00e9 bylo p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b st\u0159e\u017eeno a jeho poru\u0161en\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1no pokutami a jin\u00fdmi tresty.
\nNicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak u\u017e to je v na\u0161ich kraj\u00edch b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1kaz vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 snahu o jeho p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed. A prodat sv\u00e9 pivo ve m\u011bstech bylo pro \u201emimom\u011bstsk\u00e9\u201c pivovarn\u00edky velk\u00fdm l\u00e1kadlem.<\/p>\n
Panstvo brzy post\u0159ehlo, jak zna\u010dn\u00fd je u\u017eitek z pivovarnictv\u00ed a za\u010dalo stav\u011bt sv\u00e9 sladovny a pivovary i v m\u00edstech zasahuj\u00edc\u00edch do v\u00fdsad m\u011bst a do pr\u00e1va m\u00edlov\u00e9ho. Vznikaly t\u00edm mezi \u0161lechtou a m\u011b\u0161\u0165any spory, p\u0159i nich\u017e tekla i krev.<\/p>\n
Tak na sn\u011bmech v roce 1462 a 1479 za vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le Ji\u0159\u00edho z Pod\u011bbrad byl v\u00fdslovn\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn z\u00e1kaz va\u0159en\u00ed piva na prodej pro sedl\u00e1ky ve vesnic\u00edch vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch v obvodu jedn\u00e9 m\u00edle od kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch \u010di pansk\u00fdch m\u011bst.
\nV roce 1484 se \u0159e\u0161ila st\u00ed\u017enost m\u011bst na to, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 vrchnost zamezuje prod\u00e1vat na sv\u00fdch statc\u00edch v okruhu m\u00edlov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va m\u011bsta pivo t\u00edm, \u017ee zde va\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed mok na prodej.
\nKr\u00e1l Vladislav II. v roce 1485 rozhodl zachovat pr\u00e1vo va\u0159it \u0161lecht\u011b na sv\u00fdch statc\u00edch v okruhu pr\u00e1va m\u00edlov\u00e9ho pro vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159ebu, av\u0161ak sedl\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159\u00edmo zak\u00e1zal va\u0159it a \u010depovat pivo na prodej.<\/p>\n
Norma v\u0161ak byla neust\u00e1le poru\u0161ov\u00e1na a byla zdrojem mnoh\u00fdch spor\u016f. Jej\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam byl toti\u017e zna\u010dn\u00fd.
\nJe\u0161t\u011b v dekretech c\u00edsa\u0159e Josefa I. v letech 1705 a 1706 se hovo\u0159\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vrchnosti dov\u00e1\u017eet pivo do kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch m\u011bst. Pozd\u011bji byl dovoz omezov\u00e1n dle skupin obyvatel a mno\u017estv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd pivovarsk\u00fd monopol m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f na v\u00fdrobu a v\u00fd\u010dep piva ve m\u011bstech a vymezen\u00e9m m\u00edlov\u00e9m okol\u00ed byl zru\u0161en c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdmi dekrety Josefa II. v roce 1788.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pro rozvoj st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u011bst m\u011blo obrovsk\u00fdch v\u00fdznam tzv.pr\u00e1vo m\u00edlov\u00e9. Tato starod\u00e1vn\u00e1 v\u00fdsada byla pozd\u011bji zv\u00e1na jako pr\u00e1vo obvodov\u00e9. Pr\u00e1vo m\u00edlov\u00e9 z\u00edskala n\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u011bsta v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b ji\u017e ve 12.stolet\u00ed, av\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45114,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45112"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45112\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}