Vznik a v\u00fdvoj feud\u00e1ln\u00edho pivovarnictv\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b bezprost\u0159edn\u011b souvisel s ekonomick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami v Evrop\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 15.a 16.stolet\u00ed. Nov\u00fdm prvkem v tehdej\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch bylo zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vrchnostensk\u00fdch velkostatk\u016f. \u0160lo nejen o hospod\u00e1\u0159skou, ale tak\u00e9 o spole\u010denskou zm\u011bnu. \u0160lechta m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee ji\u017e nechce b\u00fdt z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na natur\u00e1ln\u00edch a pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch sv\u00fdch poddan\u00fdch a pou\u0161t\u00ed se do podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd feud\u00e1l se m\u011bn\u00ed ve vrchnostensk\u00e9ho velkostatk\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n
Na velkostatku byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b poddansk\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla, jen na n\u011bkter\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce byli pracovn\u00edci naj\u00edm\u00e1ni. Tak\u00e9 ve funkci sl\u00e1dka byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na n\u00e1mezdn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n
Feud\u00e1lov\u00e9 se za\u010dali chovat ekonomicky a sna\u017eili se zvy\u0161ovat zisky ze sv\u00fdch statk\u016f. Krom\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch obor\u016f, jako bylo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin a chov dobytka a ryb, se \u0161lechta pou\u0161t\u011bla i do jin\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, je\u017e m\u011bla na rolnickou produkci p\u0159\u00edmou n\u00e1vaznost. Je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdroba piva k t\u011bm nejv\u00edce vyhled\u00e1van\u00fdm. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku v\u0161ak bylo pivovarnictv\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za obor ned\u016fstojn\u00fd vrchnosti.<\/p>\n
\u0160lechtu nenechaly chladn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy z piva, je\u017e plynuly m\u011bstsk\u00fdm pokladn\u00e1m. A tak od druh\u00e9 poloviny 15.stolet\u00ed se feud\u00e1lov\u00e9 sna\u017eili z\u00edskat kontrolu nad prodejem piva, podporovali konkurenceschopnost pivovar\u016f sv\u00fdch poddansk\u00fdch m\u011bst a pot\u00edrali dom\u00e1c\u00ed va\u0159en\u00ed piva na sv\u00e9m panstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Svou snahou o kontrolu obchodu s pivem se feud\u00e1lov\u00e9 dost\u00e1vali do konflikt\u016f s pr\u00e1vem m\u00edlov\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch m\u011bst. M\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 br\u00e1nili \u0161lecht\u011b va\u0159it pivo ve m\u011bstech \u010di je sem ze sv\u00fdch statk\u016f dov\u00e1\u017eet, \u0161lechta naopak omezovala prodej surovin k v\u00fdrob\u011b piva pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00fdm m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016fm. Spory se mnohdy dost\u00e1valy a\u017e p\u0159ed soud, kde vrchnost pov\u011bt\u0161inou slavila v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. \u010cetn\u00e9 spory ukon\u010dila a\u017e v roce 1517 tzv. Sv\u00e1tov\u00e1clavsk\u00e1 smlouva, je\u017e znamenala z\u00e1sah do m\u011bstsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a podporu \u0161lechtick\u00fdch pivovar\u016f. Kr\u00e1l Ludv\u00edk Jagellonsk\u00fd stanovil, \u017ee feud\u00e1lov\u00e9 maj\u00ed na zku\u0161ebn\u00ed dobu \u0161esti let pr\u00e1vo va\u0159it pivo pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed doba pak byla ml\u010dky prodlu\u017eov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n
Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zakl\u00e1dali feud\u00e1lov\u00e9 pivov\u00e1rky pouze na drobn\u00fdch statc\u00edch mimo poddansk\u00e1 m\u011bsta. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vrchnostensk\u00fdch pivovar\u016f v\u0161ak vznik\u00e1 a\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 16.stolet\u00ed v r\u00e1mci existence velk\u00fdch pansk\u00fdch dvor\u016f spojen\u00fdch s velkov\u00fdrobou obil\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V roce 1712 bylo v \u010cech\u00e1ch 1294 pivovar\u016f, z toho 991 pansk\u00fdch, 138 pivovar\u016f v poddansk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a pouze 165 v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch a horn\u00edch m\u011bstech. V rozvoji pivovarnictv\u00ed feud\u00e1lov\u00e9 pokra\u010dovali i v 19.stolet\u00ed. V jeho druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b byl pivov\u00e1rek v ka\u017ed\u00e9 druh\u00e9 vesnici, ve m\u011bstech i dva \u2013 m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fd a pansk\u00fd. V tehdej\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b tvo\u0159ila \u0161lechta nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinu majitel\u016f. V jej\u00edm vlastnictv\u00ed byly velk\u00e9 strojn\u00ed pivovary (jako nap\u0159. teplick\u00fd), nicm\u00e9n\u011b nejv\u00edce bylo mal\u00fdch ru\u010dn\u00edch provoz\u016f.<\/p>\n
V letech 1870-1880 se vrchnostensk\u00e9 pivovary pod\u00edlely sv\u00fdm v\u00fdstavem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 44 procenty na celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b piva v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. V \u010cech\u00e1ch byly v t\u011bch letech nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi podnikateli z \u0159ad \u0161lechty Schwarzenberkov\u00e9, je\u017e vlastnili 31 pivovar\u016f s v\u00fdrobou zhruba 300 000 hektolitr\u016f piva ro\u010dn\u011b. Mno\u017estv\u00ed pivovar\u016f bylo v majetku rodu Kinsk\u00fdch (12), Lobkovic\u016f (16) a Nostic\u016f (10). Na Morav\u011b vlastnili nejv\u00edce pivovar\u016f Lichtensteinov\u00e9 (16). Dvacet nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch feud\u00e1ln\u00edch rod\u016f vlastnilo 190 pivovar\u016f, kter\u00e9 vystavily 20 % produkce piva v zemi.<\/p>\n\n
Konec mal\u00fdch ru\u010dn\u00edch pivovar\u016f p\u0159inesl rozvoj parostrojn\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch podnik\u016f na konci 19.stolet\u00ed. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed se mal\u00e9 vrchnostensk\u00e9 pivov\u00e1rky dost\u00e1valy do nerovn\u00e9ho konkuren\u010dn\u00edho boje s velkoprovozy s nevelk\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem. Jejich po\u010det se sni\u017eoval. Mnoz\u00ed \u0161lechtici sv\u00e9 pivovary pronaj\u00edmali, posl\u00e9ze i prod\u00e1vali zejm\u00e9na m\u00edstn\u00edm sl\u00e1dk\u016fm.<\/p>\n
Definitivn\u00ed te\u010dkou za podnik\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161lechty v pivovarnictv\u00ed p\u0159inesly zest\u00e1t\u0148ovac\u00ed po\u010diny \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v roce 1945. V\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch vrchnostensk\u00fdch pivovar\u016f se dostala pod n\u00e1rodn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vznik a v\u00fdvoj feud\u00e1ln\u00edho pivovarnictv\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b bezprost\u0159edn\u011b souvisel s ekonomick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami v Evrop\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 15.a 16.stolet\u00ed. Nov\u00fdm prvkem v tehdej\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch bylo zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vrchnostensk\u00fdch velkostatk\u016f. \u0160lo nejen o...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45583"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45583\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}