Kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed a jin\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed pivovary sehr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli ve v\u00fdvoji \u010desk\u00e9ho pivovarnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pivovarnictv\u00ed c\u00edrkve se zrodilo v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech. Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 informace o v\u00fdrob\u011b piva u n\u00e1s poch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z b\u0159evnovsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera z roku 993. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku va\u0159ili mni\u0161i pivo pouze pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu a pro poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poutn\u00edk\u016f. Kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed pivo tak\u00e9 plnilo, a to i v \u017eensk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech, funkci v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje zejm\u00e9na v obdob\u00ed p\u016fstu.<\/p>\n
Rozvoji kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edho pivovarnictv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159\u00e1ly rozd\u00edln\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed postoje k samotn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b piva. Podle p\u0159edpis\u016f obsa\u017een\u00fdch v Decretum Gratiani (r. 1140) \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho konsilu kartaginsk\u00e9ho bylo duchovn\u00edm zak\u00e1z\u00e1no spolupracovat p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u017eivnosti anebo poln\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Tak zvan\u00e1 synoda trullansk\u00e1 (r. 692) zak\u00e1zala duchovn\u00edm vydr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hospod a pape\u017e Kliment V. tento z\u00e1kaz b\u011bhem koncilu v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9mu (r.1311 – 1312) je\u0161t\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zd\u016fraznil. Naproti tomu prodej doma va\u0159en\u00e9ho piva v mal\u00e9m byl v\u017edy dovolen, jak lze vyvodit z \u010detn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kurie. V\u00fdrobn\u00ed a obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnost za \u00fa\u010delem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho prosp\u011bchu nem\u011bla mnichy odtrh\u00e1vat od duchovn\u00edho \u017eivota. C\u00edrkvi tak\u00e9 na pivu vadilo, \u017ee jeho v\u00fdrobu vynalezli pohan\u00e9, \u017ee v bibli nen\u00ed o pivu zm\u00ednka a \u017ee opilstv\u00ed vede k nepravostem. P\u0159esto kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed pivovary pokra\u010dovaly v rozvoji a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed nedbaje z\u00e1kaz\u016f dokonce i za\u010dali provozovat hospody.<\/p>\n
V roce 1614 pape\u017e Pavla V. vydal dokument Romanum Pauli Quinti Pontifici, co\u017e bylo prvn\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Rituale Romanum. Obsahoval krom\u011b jin\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed tak\u00e9 posv\u011bcen\u00ed piva:<\/p>\n
\u201e\u017dehnej, \u00f3 pane, toto pivo, je\u017e milost\u00ed Tvou vze\u0161lo ze zrna obiln\u00e9ho:
\naby se stalo blahod\u00e1rn\u00fdm l\u00e9kem pokolen\u00ed lidsk\u00e9mu;
\na vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm Tv\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00edho r\u00e1\u010d\u00ed\u017e u\u010diniti, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd,
\nkdo se z n\u011bho napije, zdrav\u00ed t\u011bla sv\u00e9ho a ochrany du\u0161e sv\u00e9 p\u0159ijal.
\nSkrze Krista P\u00e1na na\u0161eho. \u201e<\/p>\n\n
T\u00edmto z\u00e1sadn\u00edm krokem c\u00edrkev zm\u011bnila dosavadn\u00ed postoj k n\u00e1poji. Rozvoji c\u00edrkevn\u00edho pivovarnictv\u00ed tak u\u017e nic nest\u00e1lo v cest\u011b. N\u00e1sledn\u011b pra\u017esk\u00e1 diec\u00e9ze p\u0159ipravila v roce 1699 k vyd\u00e1n\u00ed tzv. diec\u00e9zn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l. Op\u011bt, krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho, je v n\u011bm pivo vid\u011bno jako l\u00e9k, je\u017e m\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e9st zdrav\u00ed a ochranu du\u0161e. Duchovn\u00edm bylo dovoleno po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed piva, av\u0161ak m\u011bli se vyst\u0159\u00edhat stav\u016fm opilstv\u00ed a hostince a podobn\u00e9 podniky sm\u011bli nav\u0161t\u011bvovat jen z nutnosti (p\u0159i cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, spolkov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti nebo z d\u016fvod\u016f spole\u010densk\u00fdch). Tyto z\u00e1kony byly koncilem tridentsk\u00fdm (1545 a\u017e 1563) zd\u016frazn\u011bny a byly roku 1917 p\u0159evzaty rovn\u011b\u017e do platn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve latinsk\u00e9ho ritu, do Codexu juris canonici.<\/p>\n
C\u00edrkev si brzy v\u0161imla v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho u\u017eitku z prodeje piva, a tak za\u010dala stav\u011bt pivovary v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed i mimo zdi kl\u00e1\u0161tera. Kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed pivovary se posl\u00e9ze p\u0159em\u011bnily v \u017eivnostensk\u00e9 podniky.<\/p>\n
Na \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdroby piva v r\u00e1mci kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed m\u011bly vliv dva faktory. Prvn\u00edm byla jist\u00e1 stabilita vlastnictv\u00ed. Tedy, \u017ee pivov\u00e1rky m\u00edvaly po stalet\u00ed pouze jednoho majitele. To p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo i ur\u010ditou person\u00e1ln\u00ed nem\u011bnnost zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Druh\u00fdm faktorem, je\u017e s prvn\u00edm bezpochyby souvisel, byl z\u00e1jem majitel\u016f na kvalit\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho moku a tud\u00ed\u017e na v\u00fdb\u011bru t\u011bch nejlep\u0161\u00edch surovin pro p\u0159\u00edpravu piva. Kl\u00e1\u0161tery nem\u011bly nouzi o kvalitn\u00ed suroviny z vlastn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, des\u00e1tek a jin\u00fdch natur\u00e1ln\u00edch pln\u011bn\u00ed. Mni\u0161i si zakl\u00e1dali na nem\u011bnn\u00e9 chuti a ur\u010dit\u00e9 originalit\u011b uva\u0159en\u00e9ho moku. Krom\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch surovin se pou\u017e\u00edvalo tak\u00e9 velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed bylin a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsad.<\/p>\n
K nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu rozmachu kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed produkce piva do\u0161lo ve vrcholn\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku, kdy n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161tery dok\u00e1zaly prodat a\u017e t\u0159i tis\u00edce hektolitr\u016f piva ro\u010dn\u011b. Kr\u00e1tce nato v\u0161ak nastal konec zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch pivovar\u016f, kdy\u017e se za\u010dalo vzm\u00e1hat panovn\u00edkem podporovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00e9 pivovarnictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v masov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b, a kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed pivovary a \u0161enky postupn\u011b zanikaly. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed pivovarnictv\u00ed pokra\u010dovalo ve sv\u00e9m rozvoji v podob\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch mimokl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch pivovar\u016f. Av\u0161ak i ty byly na konci 19.stolet\u00ed pronaj\u00edm\u00e1ny sv\u011btsk\u00fdm osob\u00e1m. V\u011bt\u0161ina jich pod konkuren\u010dn\u00edm tlakem nov\u011b budovan\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pivovar\u016f stejn\u011b na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed zanikla.<\/p>\n\n
N\u00e1sleduje v\u00fdb\u011br n\u011bkter\u00fdch pivov\u00e1rk\u016f ve vlastnictv\u00ed c\u00edrkve, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eily do 19.stolet\u00ed:<\/p>\n
Morava a Slezsko<\/strong> (v z\u00e1vorce uveden majitel)<\/p>\n Svitavy \u2013 \u010cty\u0159icet L\u00e1n\u016f (Arcibiskupstv\u00ed olomouck\u00e9) \u010cechy<\/strong> (v z\u00e1vorce uveden majitel)<\/p>\n \u010cerven\u00e1 \u0158e\u010dice (Arcibiskupstv\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9) Kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed a jin\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed pivovary sehr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli ve v\u00fdvoji \u010desk\u00e9ho pivovarnictv\u00ed. Pivovarnictv\u00ed c\u00edrkve se zrodilo v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech. Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 informace o v\u00fdrob\u011b piva u n\u00e1s poch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z b\u0159evnovsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera z roku...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":45834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45829"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45829\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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\nHradi\u0161t\u011b u Znojma (Konvent k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f s \u010dervenou hv\u011bzdou u sv.Franti\u0161ka Serafinsk\u00e9ho v Praze)
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\nMikulovice u Znojma (Premonstr\u00e1tsk\u00e1 kanonie u Nanabevzet\u00ed Panny Marie v Praze na Strahov\u011b)
\nM\u00edrov (Arcibiskupstv\u00ed olomouck\u00e9)
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\nDob\u0159ejovice u Prahy (Arcibiskupstv\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9)
\nDoln\u00ed Ro\u010dov (Augustini\u00e1nsk\u00fd konvent u sv.Tom\u00e1\u0161e v Praze)
\nDrmy (Biskupstv\u00ed litom\u011b\u0159ick\u00e9)
\nCheb dominik\u00e1nsk\u00fd (Dominikansk\u00fd konvent v Chebu)
\nCheb k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovnick\u00fd (\u0158\u00e1d k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f s \u010dervenou hv\u011bzdou v Praze)
\nChlum u Hlinska (Biskupstv\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9hradeck\u00e9)
\nKoma\u0159ice u \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic (Cisterci\u00e1ck\u00fd konvent ve Vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm Brod\u011b)
\nKro\u010dehlavy u Kladna (Benediktinsk\u00e9 opatstv\u00ed u sv.Mark\u00e9ty v B\u0159evnov\u011b)
\nKrukanice u St\u0159\u00edbra (Premonstr\u00e1tsk\u00e1 kanonie v Tepl\u00e9)
\nLou\u0148ovice pod Blan\u00edkem (Arcibiskupstv\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9)
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\nPraha U svat\u00e9ho Tom\u00e1\u0161e (Augustini\u00e1nsk\u00fd konvent u sv.Tom\u00e1\u0161e v Praze)
\nPraha U K\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f (\u0158\u00e1d k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f s \u010dervenou hv\u011bzdou v Praze)
\nPraha Strahov (Premonstr\u00e1tsk\u00e1 kanonie v Praze na Strahov\u011b)
\nPraha Vyso\u010dany (Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00fd konvent u sv. Jilj\u00ed v Praze)
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\nSloupno u Nov\u00e9ho Byd\u017eova (Benediktinsk\u00e9 opatstv\u00ed u sv.Mark\u00e9ty v B\u0159evnov\u011b)
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\nStar\u00e1 Boleslav (Kolegi\u00e1tn\u00ed kapitula ve Star\u00e9 Boleslavi)
\nStar\u00fd Kn\u00edn u Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161e (\u0158\u00e1d k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f s \u010dervenou hv\u011bzdou v Praze)
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\nTepl\u00e1 (Premonstr\u00e1tsk\u00e1 kanonie v Tepl\u00e9)
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\nVolyn\u011b (Metropolitn\u00ed kapitula u sv.V\u00edta v Praze na Hrad\u010danech)
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