{"id":46395,"date":"2018-08-01T00:34:20","date_gmt":"2018-07-31T22:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=46395"},"modified":"2025-01-20T10:17:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:17:20","slug":"vzor-clanek-174","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=46395","title":{"rendered":"Pivovarsk\u00e1 chasa 1."},"content":{"rendered":"

Skupina lid\u00ed, je\u017e se specializovala na proces v\u00fdroby chmelov\u00e9ho moku, se profilovala z \u0159ad ostatn\u00edch profes\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 u\u017e sami nesta\u010dili na sv\u00e9 v\u00e1rky a za\u010dali si na pr\u00e1ci naj\u00edmat pomocn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Bylo to v dob\u00e1ch, kdy v\u00fdroba piva ji\u017e p\u0159estala b\u00fdt z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, kdy v souvislosti s navy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se popt\u00e1vkou se st\u00e1vala \u010dinnost\u00ed v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dnou. Pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 za\u010dali va\u0159it ve spole\u010dn\u00fdch pivovarech, kapacity kter\u00fdch byly neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1ny kv\u016fli rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu obyvatel ve m\u011bstech.<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 si nejprve naj\u00edmali pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu pouze na jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00e1rky, postupem \u010dasu, se vznikem velk\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165ansk\u00fdch pivovar\u016f, se v\u00fdrob\u011b chmelov\u00e9ho moku v\u011bnovali vlastn\u00ed odborn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci.<\/p>\n

Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00edci ve m\u011bstech cel\u00fd proces drobn\u00e9 v\u00fdroby piva zvl\u00e1dali sami nebo vz\u00e1jemnou v\u00fdpomoc\u00ed mezi sousedy, pozd\u011bji si k sob\u011b najali pomocn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky. Ti nej\u0161ikovn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze skupin n\u00e1jemn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, ti co si nejl\u00e9pe osvojili postupy a z\u00e1sady p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed piva, potom za\u010dali celou v\u00fdrobu \u0159\u00eddit sami. Vznikla profese sl\u00e1dk\u016f. Majitel\u00e9 pivovar\u016f si je potom naj\u00edmali na jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00e1rky.<\/p>\n\n

Sl\u00e1dek si k sob\u011b zase p\u0159ib\u00edral pomocn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 platil ze mzdy, kterou dost\u00e1val za hotov\u00e9 v\u00e1rky od vlastn\u00edka pivovarsk\u00e9ho provozu. Zrodila se tak \u201epivovarsk\u00e1 chasa\u201c, tedy skupina pracovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli uva\u0159it pivo nebo pom\u00e1hat p\u0159i jeho v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/p>\n

Postupem \u010dasu se sl\u00e1dek stal prvn\u00edm st\u00e1l\u00fdm zam\u011bstnancem pivovar\u016f. S rozvojem pivovarnictv\u00ed, s navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00edch kapacit, tak\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 pivovarsk\u00e9 chasy postupn\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1zeli z formy n\u00e1razov\u00e9 n\u00e1jemn\u00ed s\u00edly do pracovn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f s pevn\u00fdm platem.<\/p>\n

Ve star\u00fdch \u0161lechtick\u00fdch pivovarech p\u016fvodn\u011b v\u00fdrobu piva obstar\u00e1vala zdej\u0161\u00ed \u010del\u00e1dka, ale \u010dasem i sem p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli \u201epivovar\u0161t\u00ed\u201c. Zprvu pouze k jednotliv\u00fdm v\u00e1rk\u00e1m, posl\u00e9ze, s rozvojem vrchnostensk\u00e9ho pivovarnictv\u00ed, u\u017e m\u011bli pansk\u00e9 provozy st\u00e1le specializovan\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces za\u010dal bu\u010f n\u00e1kupem hotov\u00e9ho sladu nebo p\u0159evzet\u00edm suroviny z vlastn\u00ed sladovny. Slad byl potom odvezen do ml\u00fdna k semlet\u00ed na drobn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. Tuto \u010dinnost zaji\u0161\u0165ovali \u0161rot\u00fd\u0159i<\/b> (z n\u011bm. schrotten). N\u011bkde se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo sladomelov\u00e9, podle p\u016fvodn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u011b pr\u00e1ce ve star\u00fdch pivovarech. Postupem \u010dasu, kdy u\u017e se slad \u201e\u0161rotoval\u201c v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve ml\u00fdnech, za\u010dali \u0161rot\u00fd\u0159i obstar\u00e1vat mnoh\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Dle pokyn\u016f sl\u00e1dk\u016f odm\u011b\u0159ovali dovezen\u00fd pomlet\u00fd slad do jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00e1rek, p\u0159ipravovali d\u0159evo do topeni\u0161t\u011b pod varn\u00edm kotlem. Do n\u00e1pln\u011b pr\u00e1ce \u0161rot\u00fd\u0159\u016f bylo tak\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed napln\u011bn\u00fdch sud\u016f do sklepa a pozd\u011bji i expedice hotov\u00e9ho piva z pivovaru do hostinc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Poplatku, kter\u00fd hostin\u0161t\u00ed platili za spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed piva do sklep\u016f, se pak mnohdy \u0159\u00edkalo \u0161r\u016ftka. Ze \u0161rot\u00fdr\u016f \u010dasto ud\u011blaly m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady \u201eoznamovac\u00ed agenty\u201c o po\u0159ad\u00ed v\u00e1rek, o mno\u017estv\u00ed a kvalit\u011b surovin.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160rot\u00fd\u0159i m\u011bli tedy zna\u010dn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s p\u0159esuny sud\u016f, jejich nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, koulen\u00edm. \u0160lo o fyzicky nam\u00e1havou pr\u00e1ci. \u0160rot\u00fd\u0159i si proto \u010dasto naj\u00edmali na tuto n\u00e1ro\u010dnou \u010dinnost n\u00e1den\u00edky, kter\u00fdm se v pivovaru \u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo vale\u010di<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sud s pivem byl \u0161rot\u00fd\u0159i a vale\u010di dopraven do sklepa pivovaru. Zde se ho uj\u00edmala dal\u0161\u00ed pivovarsk\u00e1 chasa. Manipulac\u00ed sud\u016f ve sklep\u011b pivovaru byli pov\u011b\u0159eni tzv. l\u00ed\u017en\u00edci<\/b><\/strong> (od slova \u201el\u00edhy\u201c, co\u017e byl syst\u00e9m ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sud\u016f ve sklep\u011b). Vzhledem k objemu sud\u016f a jejich hmotnosti to v omezen\u00e9m prostoru sklepa nebylo jednoduchou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvali se provazy, kladky, kl\u00edny. Sudy se ukl\u00e1daly v n\u011bkolika \u0159ad\u00e1ch nad sebou, ode zdi ke zdi.<\/p>\n

Nad dal\u0161\u00edm osudem piva pak bd\u011bli sklepn\u00edci<\/b><\/strong>. Tito \u010dlenov\u00e9 pivovarsk\u00e9 chasy nejd\u0159\u00edve provedli p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed zakva\u0161en\u00e9ho moku z van spilky do le\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch sud\u016f a pot\u00e9 hl\u00eddali a kontrolovali chmelov\u00fd n\u00e1poj p\u0159i zr\u00e1n\u00ed ve sklep\u00edch. N\u00e1sledn\u011b \u010distili vy\u0161enkovan\u00e9 sudy a chystali je na dal\u0161\u00ed napln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pozn.: \u00davodn\u00ed historick\u00fd sn\u00edmek je z archivu Klubu za historickou Polnou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Skupina lid\u00ed, je\u017e se specializovala na proces v\u00fdroby chmelov\u00e9ho moku, se profilovala z \u0159ad ostatn\u00edch profes\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy pr\u00e1vov\u00e1re\u010dn\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 u\u017e sami nesta\u010dili na sv\u00e9 v\u00e1rky a za\u010dali si na pr\u00e1ci naj\u00edmat pomocn\u00edky....<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46397,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46395\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}