{"id":46401,"date":"2018-08-02T00:42:36","date_gmt":"2018-08-01T22:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=46401"},"modified":"2023-10-30T13:15:58","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T12:15:58","slug":"vzor-clanek-174-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=46401","title":{"rendered":"Pivovarsk\u00e1 chasa 2."},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdrobou sud\u016f se zab\u00fdvali be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159i<\/b><\/strong>. Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159 nejd\u0159\u00edve vyhobloval z dubov\u00e9ho, ale n\u011bkdy i sosnov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, desky, ze kter\u00fdch pak sud sestavoval. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 obru\u010de v\u00e1zal z vrbov\u00fdch hol\u00ed. Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159i byli povinni d\u011blat v\u0161echny sudy dle p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 m\u00edry, kterou ur\u010dovala m\u011bstsk\u00e1 rada nebo vrchnost. Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159i tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bli okovy na vodu, necky, koryta, k\u00e1d\u011b. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 obru\u010de mnoho nevydr\u017eely, a proto jich bylo na sudu t\u0159eba i \u0161estn\u00e1ct. A\u017e v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed se za\u010daly vyu\u017e\u00edvat kovan\u00e9 obru\u010de a brzy i v\u00e1lcovan\u00e9, \u017eelezn\u00e9. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201ebe\u010dv\u00e1\u0159\u201c se p\u0159estalo u\u017e\u00edvat. Pot\u00e9 se be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 \u010dinnost naz\u00fdvala souhrnn\u011b bedn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.
\n<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00ed bedn\u00e1\u0159i<\/b><\/strong> v\u0161ak konali svou pr\u00e1ci v pivovarech ji\u017e daleko d\u0159\u00edve. M\u011bli na starost sudy vr\u00e1cen\u00e9 od odb\u011bratel\u016f piva. \u010cistili je, kontrolovali, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b opravili net\u011bsnosti. Bedn\u00e1\u0159 cejchoval sudy \u201evorl\u00ed\u010dkem\u201c, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na n\u011b vypaloval \u010d\u00edsla. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bl rovn\u011b\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch v pivovaru a tak\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, jako byly vany, \u0161kopky a \u0161toudve. Ty se d\u011blaly z m\u011bkk\u00e9ho d\u0159eva s d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi obru\u010demi. Pracovalo se v\u00fdhradn\u011b ru\u010dn\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edvali pily, po\u0159\u00edzy, hobl\u00edky, bedn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a r\u016fzn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 kladiva \u010di dl\u00e1ta. Bedn\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed se rozv\u00edjelo do 70. let 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy jeho postupn\u00fd \u00fapadek p\u0159ivodilo u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob.<\/p>\n

Samostatnou kapitolou v pivovarech byla akce nazvan\u00e1 vykulen\u00ed sud\u016f. \u0160lo o ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakol bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Nejd\u0159\u00edve si p\u0159ipravili smolu ze sm\u011bsi prysky\u0159ic a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed. Surovinu, z\u00edsk\u00e1vanou z borovic i smrk\u016f, dod\u00e1vali bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016fm uhl\u00ed\u0159i. Le\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 sudy pak vynesli ze sklep\u016f ven, hork\u00fdm vzduchem zbavili vnit\u0159ky star\u00e9 smoly. Zah\u0159\u00e1tou smolou sudy nov\u011b pot\u0159eli. Po odpo\u010dinut\u00ed se vracely o\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9 sudy zp\u011bt do podzemn\u00edch prostor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sudy n\u011bkde tak\u00e9 \u010distili vyku\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm sirou nebo vypa\u0159en\u00edm v\u0159elou vodou. Smola v\u0161ak nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji zacp\u00e1vala nejen mal\u00e9 d\u00edrky, ale i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fduchy d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby. Cen\u011bn\u00e9 byly rovn\u011b\u017e l\u00e1tky, je\u017e se do piva ze smoly uvol\u0148ovaly a kter\u00e9 se potom pozitivn\u011b pod\u00edlely na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed trvanlivosti i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed nem\u011bnn\u00e9 chuti piva.<\/p>\n

Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh hlavn\u00edho kva\u0161en\u00ed \u010di le\u017een\u00ed ve sklep\u00edch pivovar\u016f byly p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty, kter\u00e9 byly zaji\u0161t\u011bny v teplej\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch roku p\u0159irozen\u00fdm ledem ulo\u017een\u00fdm v lednic\u00edch. Vyt\u011b\u017een\u00ed ledu z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a vhodn\u00e9 uskladn\u011bn\u00ed bylo \u010dinnost\u00ed leda\u0159\u016f<\/b><\/strong>. Chlad byl pot\u0159eba nejen p\u0159i skladov\u00e1n\u00ed piva v pivovarech, ledem se z\u00e1sobovaly rovn\u011b\u017e odb\u011bratelsk\u00e9 hostince. Leda\u0159i v zim\u011b vysek\u00e1vali ledov\u00e9 bloky ze zamrzl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch ploch. Do lednice byl led vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n oknem. Po napln\u011bn\u00ed lednice byla okna zapln\u011bna sl\u00e1mou a op\u011bt zazd\u011bna. Do lednice bylo pak mo\u017eno vstoupit pouze otvorem ze sklepa a v l\u00e9t\u011b odseknout pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ledu pro chlazen\u00ed piva. \u010c\u00edm jemn\u011bji byl led roztlu\u010den, t\u00edm v\u00edce se ho do lednice ve\u0161lo.<\/p>\n\n

Sl\u00e1dek<\/b><\/strong> byl ji\u017e od pivovarnick\u00fdch prapo\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f hlavn\u00ed osobou v ka\u017ed\u00e9m pivovaru. Byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n \u201estar\u0161\u00ed mistr\u201c nebo \u201epan star\u00fd\u201c. Ru\u010dil za p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u0161kody, za sv\u00e9 chyby i \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 chasou. Sl\u00e1dek byl zav\u00e1z\u00e1n spravovat cel\u00fd pivovar a \u0159\u00eddit sv\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 \u2013 pivovarskou chasu. Staral se o invent\u00e1\u0159 pivovaru, kontroloval jeho stav, hl\u00eddal kvalitu nakupovan\u00fdch surovin apod.. Za napln\u011bn\u00e9 sudy ru\u010dil sl\u00e1dek a\u017e do t\u00e9 doby, kdy je hostinsk\u00fd vr\u00e1til jako pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby, a pak je sl\u00e1dek p\u0159edal bedn\u00e1\u0159i. M\u011bl za povinnost nam\u00e1tkov\u011b prohl\u00ed\u017eet hostince a kontrolovat kvalitu nab\u00edzen\u00e9ho piva. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byli sl\u00e1dkov\u00e9 placeni podle uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00e1rek, av\u0161ak posl\u00e9ze byl v\u011bt\u0161inou stanoven pevn\u00fd plat.<\/p>\n

Mezi pivovarsk\u00fdm person\u00e1lem p\u0159ipadalo d\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed tzv. podstar\u0161\u00edmu, kter\u00fd byl sl\u00e1dkov\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem. Nebylo v\u00fdjimkou, \u017ee podstar\u0161\u00ed byl synem sl\u00e1dka a po boku sv\u00e9ho otce sb\u00edral v pivovaru pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n

Pomocn\u00edku ve sladovn\u011b se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo \u201ehvozda\u201c.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch pivovarech 18.stolet\u00ed se objevovala i pozice \u201epivovarsk\u00e9ho drvo\u0161t\u011bpa\u201c.<\/p>\n

Pozn.: \u00davodn\u00ed historick\u00fd sn\u00edmek je z archivu Klubu za historickou Polnou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdrobou sud\u016f se zab\u00fdvali be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159i. Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159 nejd\u0159\u00edve vyhobloval z dubov\u00e9ho, ale n\u011bkdy i sosnov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, desky, ze kter\u00fdch pak sud sestavoval. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 obru\u010de v\u00e1zal z vrbov\u00fdch hol\u00ed. Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159i byli povinni d\u011blat v\u0161echny sudy dle...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46397,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46401\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}