{"id":46405,"date":"2018-08-03T00:47:18","date_gmt":"2018-08-02T22:47:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=46405"},"modified":"2025-01-20T10:16:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:16:34","slug":"vzor-clanek-174-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=46405","title":{"rendered":"Pivovarsk\u00e1 chasa 3."},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve star\u00fdch pivovarsk\u00fdch provozech hr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli \u017eeny. S postupem \u010dasu se \u017eensk\u00fd element z pivovarnictv\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b vytratil a v pivovarech se vykrystalizovaly specificky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 profese.<\/p>\n

V pivovarech 17.stolet\u00ed byl hlavn\u00ed osobou tzv.mistr pivovar (tedy sl\u00e1dek). M\u011bl k ruce chasu – ml\u00e1dka a oby\u010dejn\u011b dva pomocn\u00edky. V\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed obstar\u00e1valy \u017eeny. Nos\u00edvaly hork\u00e9 pivo do k\u00e1d\u00ed (nosi\u010dky piv), dopravovaly vodu do pivovaru, opat\u0159ovaly \u00faklid, myly k\u00e1d\u011b a ostatn\u00ed pivovarsk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed, \u010distily sudy p\u0159ed napln\u011bn\u00edm (sudomyjky). Pr\u00e1v\u011b \u017eeny nej\u010dast\u011bji i pivo \u0161enkovaly, proto\u017ee mu\u017ei se museli v\u011bnovat sv\u00fdm \u0159emesl\u016fm a \u017eivnostem.<\/p>\n\n

Pomaha\u010di byli placeni od v\u00e1rky, v pivovaru nebyli st\u00e1le, p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli v den v\u00e1rek nebo k jin\u00fdm prac\u00edm.<\/p>\n

V 19.stolet\u00ed se chasa \u0159\u00eddila slu\u017eebn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem vyv\u011b\u0161en\u00fdm ka\u017ed\u00e9mu k nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed ve varn\u011b. Podle tohoto slu\u017eebn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du se chasa rozd\u011blovala dle sv\u00e9ho slu\u017eebn\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed na slad\u00e1ky, va\u0159i\u010de piva a chasn\u00edky pro sklepy, pak bedn\u00e1\u0159e a pomaha\u010de.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20.stolet\u00ed bylo deput\u00e1tn\u00ed pivo a strava pro chasu. V prosperuj\u00edc\u00edch pivovarech zam\u011bstnanci dost\u00e1vali tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly uhl\u00ed a pracovn\u00ed od\u011bvy, n\u011bkde jim bylo dokonce placeno poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed byly ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch pivovarech vypracov\u00e1ny pracovn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy pro chasu a d\u011blnictvo. Upravovaly postup p\u0159i p\u0159ijet\u00ed do pr\u00e1ce, podm\u00ednky pr\u00e1ce mladistv\u00fdch (do 16 let) a \u017een, pracovn\u00ed dobu, v\u00fdplatu mzdy, postup p\u0159i nemoci \u010di \u00farazu, povinnosti p\u0159i \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b stroj\u016f a n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed, mo\u017enosti ukon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru. Souviselo to se st\u00e1le rostouc\u00edm odborov\u00fdm hnut\u00edm.<\/p>\n

D\u011blnictvo bylo v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pivovarech po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.stolet\u00ed rozt\u0159\u00edd\u011bno do \u0161esti skupin: Sladovni\u010dt\u00ed (sla\u010f\u00e1ci, hvozdov\u00e9, va\u0159i\u010di, sp\u00edle\u010dn\u00ed a sklepn\u00edci), Bedn\u00e1\u0159i, Strojn\u00edci, Topi\u010di, Ko\u010d\u00ed a Pomaha\u010di (n\u00e1den\u00edci).<\/p>\n

V \u010dele podniku stal spr\u00e1vce (\u010di \u0159editel), toho jmenoval p\u0159\u00edmo vlastn\u00edk nebo spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spole\u010dnosti. Sl\u00e1dek byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vedouc\u00edho v\u00fdroby. Spr\u00e1vce v\u011bt\u0161inou bydlel stejn\u011b jako sl\u00e1dek v are\u00e1lu pivovaru.<\/p>\n

V obdob\u00ed prvn\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky se po\u010det zam\u011bstnanc\u016f ve st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch pivovarech se sladovnami navy\u0161oval. V administrativ\u011b se objevuj\u00ed pozice \u0159editele, spr\u00e1vce, \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho, pop\u0159.mlad\u00e9ho praktikanta. Mezi technick\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edky v\u00e9vodil samoz\u0159ejm\u011b sl\u00e1dek, pot\u00e9 tu byl podsl\u00e1dek, nadsladovn\u00ed, kontrolor sklep\u016f a mist\u0159i s p\u0159ed\u00e1ky (sp\u00edle\u010dn\u00ed, va\u0159i\u010di, sklepmist\u0159i). D\u00e1le tu pracovalo n\u011bkolik sladovn\u00edk\u016f, bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016f, strojn\u00edk\u016f. V pivovarech byli zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni \u0159idi\u010di, kov\u00e1\u0159, kol\u00e1\u0159, n\u011bkolik ko\u010d\u00edch (podle po\u010dtu ko\u0148\u016f), domovn\u00edk a ponocn\u00fd (no\u010dn\u00ed hl\u00edda\u010d).<\/p>\n\n

\u0160alanda byla m\u00edstnost, v n\u00ed\u017e se pivovarsk\u00e1 chasa v dob\u011b odpo\u010dinku sch\u00e1zela a kde po dobu sv\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru p\u0159eb\u00fdvala. Svobodn\u00fdm d\u011bln\u00edk\u016fm slou\u017eila oby\u010dejn\u011b za byt v\u016fbec, \u017eenat\u00fdm za \u00fatulek k odpo\u010dinku p\u0159i vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. Podle toho tak\u00e9 \u0161alanda byla um\u00edst\u011bna a za\u0159\u00edzena. Nach\u00e1zela se nej\u010dast\u011bji v sam\u00e9m sousedstv\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pivovaru a byla mnohdy p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo z nich nebo z chodby, kter\u00e1 s nimi p\u0159\u00edmo souvisela. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0161alandy bylo prost\u00e9, ale \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9. Nalezli jste tu spor\u00e1k, na n\u011bm\u017e si mohla pivovarsk\u00e1 chasa p\u0159inesen\u00e9 pokrmy oh\u0159\u00e1t, velik\u00fd st\u016fl uprost\u0159ed m\u00edstnosti a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd po\u010det prkenn\u00fdch l\u016f\u017eek, mnohdy i v pat\u0159e nad sebou (tzv. palandy), \u017elab k myt\u00ed a sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b na oble\u010den\u00ed a \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 truhly.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch 20.stolet\u00ed byly zru\u0161eny klasick\u00e9 \u0161alandy a m\u00edsto nich z\u0159\u00edzeny modern\u00ed m\u00edstnosti k myt\u00ed, p\u0159evl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed a j\u00eddlu.<\/p>\n

Pozn.: \u00davodn\u00ed historick\u00fd sn\u00edmek je z archivu Klubu za historickou Polnou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve star\u00fdch pivovarsk\u00fdch provozech hr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli \u017eeny. S postupem \u010dasu se \u017eensk\u00fd element z pivovarnictv\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b vytratil a v pivovarech se vykrystalizovaly specificky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 profese. V pivovarech 17.stolet\u00ed byl hlavn\u00ed osobou tzv.mistr pivovar...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46397,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46405\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}