{"id":46949,"date":"2018-08-13T00:52:34","date_gmt":"2018-08-12T22:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=46949"},"modified":"2023-12-01T12:54:16","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T11:54:16","slug":"sladek-jako-hlavni-pivovarska-profese-v-historii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=46949","title":{"rendered":"Sl\u00e1dek jako hlavn\u00ed pivovarsk\u00e1 profese v historii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sl\u00e1dek byl ji\u017e od pivovarnick\u00e9 prehistorie hlavn\u00ed osobou v ka\u017ed\u00e9m pivovaru. Byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n \u201estar\u0161\u00ed mistr\u201c nebo \u201epan star\u00fd\u201c.<\/p>\n

Povinnosti sl\u00e1dk\u016f podrobn\u011b upravovaly smlouvy, kter\u00e9 byly sepisov\u00e1ny p\u0159i jejich p\u0159ijet\u00ed do pivovaru, ale tak\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 instrukce vlastn\u00edk\u016f provozu. P\u0159edn\u011b byl sl\u00e1dek zav\u00e1z\u00e1n spravovat cel\u00fd pivovar a \u0159\u00eddit sv\u00e9 pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 \u2013 pivovarskou chasu. Sl\u00e1dek byl samoz\u0159ejm\u011b povinov\u00e1n va\u0159it kvalitn\u00ed pivo, ale mimo to se staral o invent\u00e1\u0159 pivovaru, kontroloval jeho stav, hl\u00eddal kvalitu nakupovan\u00fdch surovin apod.. V instrukc\u00edch bylo p\u0159esn\u011b stanoveno mno\u017estv\u00ed surovin na v\u00e1rku, pokuty za poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy \u010di sepsan\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed. Za napln\u011bn\u00e9 sudy ru\u010dil sl\u00e1dek a\u017e do t\u00e9 doby, kdy je hostinsk\u00fd vr\u00e1til jako pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby a pak je sl\u00e1dek p\u0159edal bedn\u00e1\u0159i. Sudy musely b\u00fdt \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ozna\u010deny vyp\u00e1len\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicemi a zaps\u00e1ny do v\u00fdstavn\u00edho rejst\u0159\u00edku. Sl\u00e1dek m\u011bl za povinnost nam\u00e1tkov\u011b prohl\u00ed\u017eet hostince a kontrolovat kvalitu nab\u00edzen\u00e9ho piva. Sl\u00e1dek nesm\u011bl krom\u011b \u201edeput\u00e1tn\u00edho piva\u201c vyd\u00e1vat k prodeji pivovarsk\u00fdm tovary\u0161\u016fm jak\u00e9koliv jin\u00e9 pivo.<\/p>\n


\n\u010casto musel nov\u00fd sl\u00e1dek p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edchodu slo\u017eit majiteli pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed kauci, kterou ru\u010dil za p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u0161kody, za sv\u00e9 chyby i \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u201echasou\u201c (n\u00e1sledn\u011b mohl \u0161kody vym\u00e1hat po konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm vin\u00edkovi). Ve vrchnostensk\u00fdch \u010di c\u00edrkevn\u00edch pivovarech nebyl sl\u00e1dek z \u0159ad poddan\u00fdch, n\u00fdbr\u017e \u0161lo o svobodn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka a na va\u0159en\u00ed piva byl naj\u00edm\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byli sl\u00e1dkov\u00e9 placeni podle uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00e1rek, av\u0161ak posl\u00e9ze byl sl\u00e1dkovi v\u011bt\u0161inou stanoven pevn\u00fd plat. Ten se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 17.-18.stolet\u00ed pohyboval v rozmez\u00ed mezi 30 \u2013 50 zlat\u00fdmi. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi odborn\u00fdmi profesemi tento z\u00e1kladn\u00ed plat nebyl nikterak vysok\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edho platu sl\u00e1dek dost\u00e1val i zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed plat, kter\u00fd byl ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako \u201e\u0161r\u016ftka\u201c (\u201eSchrottgeld\u201c). \u0160lo o \u010d\u00e1stku, kterou musel odv\u00e1d\u011bt hostinsk\u00fd za ka\u017ed\u00fd odebran\u00fd sud. D\u00edky tomuto p\u0159\u00edjmu si sl\u00e1dci mohli p\u0159ij\u00edt na velmi slu\u0161n\u00e9 pen\u00edze, je\u017e mnohdy p\u0159evy\u0161ovaly jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed plat. \u0160r\u016ftka tak plnila funkci pohybliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky mzdy, m\u011bla motivovat sl\u00e1dka na zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed prodeje piva, kter\u00fd mohl ovlivnit kvalitou sv\u00e9ho produktu. Tzv. \u0161rotovn\u00ed pen\u00edz \u010dinil z ka\u017ed\u00e9 odebran\u00e9 be\u010dky 12 \u2013 15 krejcar\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vedle pen\u011b\u017en\u00edho platu dost\u00e1val sl\u00e1dek od majitel\u016f pivovaru i mnoh\u00e9 natur\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eitky. V 17. a 18.stolet\u00ed dost\u00e1val sl\u00e1dek ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed piva zdarma z ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u00e1rky. \u0160lo o jeden\u00e1ct\u00fd a dvan\u00e1ct\u00fd sud z ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u00e1rky, je\u017e byly tak\u00e9 osvobozeny od dan\u00ed. Tomuto deput\u00e1tu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1valo \u201ebaba\u201c a \u201edol\u00edvka\u201c. Baba slou\u017eila hlavn\u011b ke konzumaci pro sl\u00e1dka a jeho pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9, dol\u00edvka (\u201eF\u00fcllbier\u201c) byla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k dol\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed piva p\u0159i kva\u0161en\u00ed na spilce. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed sl\u00e1dkov\u00e9 tento natur\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem n\u00e1sledn\u011b zpen\u011b\u017eili.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vedle baby a dol\u00edvky z b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00e1rek sl\u00e1dci dost\u00e1vali tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nekvalitn\u00edho piva vyroben\u00e9ho z tzv.patok\u016f. Patoky vznikaly t\u00edm, \u017ee se separovan\u00fd vylou\u017een\u00fd sladov\u00fd \u0161rot (ml\u00e1to) zalil horkou vodou. Tyto v\u00e1rky se v\u011bt\u0161inou na konci 18.stolet\u00ed p\u0159estaly va\u0159it. Sl\u00e1dkov\u00e9 potom je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu dost\u00e1vali jako finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1hradu tzv.patokov\u00e9 pen\u00edze (\u201ePatokgeld\u201c.)<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 hodnoty dost\u00e1val sl\u00e1dek od majitele pivovaru rovn\u011b\u017e v jin\u00fdch natur\u00e1li\u00edch. Na seznamech deput\u00e1t\u016f bychom nalezli nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0161enici, \u017eito, je\u010dmen, hr\u00e1ch, \u010do\u010dku, kapra, m\u00e1slo, s\u00fdr, maso, d\u0159evo, ml\u00e1to, s\u016fl, \u0159epu. N\u011bkdy byla sl\u00e1dkovi dokonce vydr\u017eov\u00e1na kr\u00e1va. Pozd\u011bji n\u011bkter\u00e9 natur\u00e1lie z\u00edskaly pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed podobu. Nutno zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee a\u017e do poloviny 19.stolet\u00ed sl\u00e1dek poskytoval p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed vandrovn\u00edm pivovarsk\u00fdm tovary\u0161\u016fm a rovn\u011b\u017e celou pivovarskou chasu \u017eivil. Sl\u00e1dek m\u011bl pov\u011bt\u0161inou k dispozici deput\u00e1tn\u00ed byt p\u0159\u00edmo v are\u00e1lu pivovaru.<\/p>\n\n

\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed sl\u00e1dkov\u00e9 byli uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ni odborn\u00edci. Mnoho pivovar\u016f, nejen v okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch, ale v cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, zam\u011bstn\u00e1valo sl\u00e1dky pr\u00e1v\u011b z na\u0161ich zem\u00ed pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvalitn\u00edho piva. Nen\u00ed se t\u0159eba divit, \u017ee sl\u00e1dkov\u00e9 a pivovarn\u00edci n\u00e1le\u017eeli v\u017edy mezi nejv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ob\u010dany, jak pro sv\u00e9 znalosti a dovednosti, tak pro zisk, je\u017e plynul z podstaty jejich profese.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, ne ka\u017ed\u00fd sl\u00e1dek uva\u0159il dobr\u00e9 kvalitn\u00ed pivo. V\u0161e se odrazilo na p\u0159\u00edjmech majitel\u016f pivovaru. Zejm\u00e9na v soukrom\u00fdch pivovarech pak n\u00e1sledovala obm\u011bna sl\u00e1dk\u016f. N\u011bkdy opakovan\u00e1. Co\u017e v\u0161e k proslulosti moku podniku p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nep\u0159isp\u011blo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sl\u00e1dek byl ji\u017e od pivovarnick\u00e9 prehistorie hlavn\u00ed osobou v ka\u017ed\u00e9m pivovaru. Byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n \u201estar\u0161\u00ed mistr\u201c nebo \u201epan star\u00fd\u201c. Povinnosti sl\u00e1dk\u016f podrobn\u011b upravovaly smlouvy, kter\u00e9 byly sepisov\u00e1ny p\u0159i jejich p\u0159ijet\u00ed do pivovaru, ale tak\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=46949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46949\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=46949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=46949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=46949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}