{"id":52458,"date":"2018-10-06T00:02:01","date_gmt":"2018-10-05T22:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=52458"},"modified":"2025-01-20T10:20:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:20:57","slug":"stravovani-ve-stredovekem-hostinci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=52458","title":{"rendered":"Stravov\u00e1n\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m hostinci"},"content":{"rendered":"

J\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek se ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch pohostinsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch li\u0161il podle toho, jak\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm byl podnik ur\u010den, tedy zda hostinec nav\u0161t\u011bvovala chud\u0161\u00ed nebo bohat\u0161\u00ed klientela. I tak ale m\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt spole\u010dn\u00e9 znaky.<\/p>\n

V obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 historici naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bkem, se p\u011bstovala velmi odoln\u00e1 p\u0161enice, je\u010dmen, \u017eito, vz\u00e1cn\u011bji pohanka, proso. Z obil\u00ed se d\u011blaly sladk\u00e9 i slan\u00e9 ka\u0161e a placky, kter\u00e9 se pekly v peci nebo na rozp\u00e1len\u00fdch kamenech. Toto byla nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed j\u00eddla, kter\u00e1 si \u201eporu\u010dili\u201c host\u00e9 kr\u010dem oby\u010dejn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 strava neznala brambory. Ke ka\u0161\u00edm a plack\u00e1m se hojn\u011b jedla zelenina. Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bylo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed pastyn\u00e1ku, mrkve, petr\u017eele, ale i dnes druhy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u2013 rapontika, sevl\u00e1k (poto\u010dnice). D\u016fle\u017eitou potravou byly jedl\u00e9 \u0159epy \u2013 tu\u0159\u00edn a vodnice.<\/p>\n\n

Do sladk\u00fdch ka\u0161\u00ed se d\u00e1valo ovoce. Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ovocn\u00fdmi stromy u n\u00e1s byly u\u017e v polovin\u011b 10. stolet\u00ed jablon\u011b, hru\u0161n\u011b a p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b i broskvon\u011b. Ovoce se jedlo syrov\u00e9, pop\u0159. se konzervovalo su\u0161en\u00edm nebo se z n\u011bj va\u0159ila povidla.<\/p>\n

Chud\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch hostinc\u016f rovn\u011b\u017e jedli lu\u0161t\u011bniny. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lu\u0161t\u011bnina byl hr\u00e1ch, m\u00e9n\u011b se u n\u00e1s da\u0159ilo \u010do\u010dce. Nap\u0159\u00edklad hr\u00e1ch se jedl se slaninou nebo s rozinkami, medem a mandlemi anebo nakl\u00ed\u010den\u00fd a opra\u017een\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ke slazen\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvalo nej\u010dast\u011bji ovoce nebo med.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bohat\u0161\u00ed pocestn\u00ed si v hostinc\u00edch mohli dop\u0159\u00e1t i maso. Nejv\u00edce se jedla dr\u016fbe\u017e \u2013 slepice a husy. Mnohem \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e dnes se jedlo maso jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed. Chytaly se tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy divok\u00e9ho ptactva, lovila se drobn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata: raci, \u017e\u00e1by, sysli, veverky \u010di je\u017eci. \u010cast\u00fdm masem na stole byly ryby, kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 voln\u011b lovit v \u0159ek\u00e1ch a kupovat od majitel\u016f rybn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 hlavn\u011b kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed statky byly proslul\u00e9 chovem ryb. Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ryby se k n\u00e1m tak\u00e9 hojn\u011b dov\u00e1\u017eely ve form\u011b slane\u010dk\u016f a byly dostupn\u00e9 i chud\u0161\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Maso se \u010dasto upravovalo s medem nebo ovocem; hodn\u011b se p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edval morek a zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed krev. K ochucen\u00ed j\u00eddel hostinsk\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval ko\u0159en\u00ed z dom\u00e1c\u00edch bylinek. \u0160lo zejm\u00e9na o chmel, \u0161alv\u011bj, petr\u017eel, m\u00e1ta, mate\u0159\u00eddou\u0161ka, km\u00edn, \u0161afr\u00e1n, an\u00fdz, tymi\u00e1n, major\u00e1nka, saturejka, libe\u010dek a kopr.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou slo\u017ekou j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku bylo ml\u00e9ko a v\u00fdrobky z n\u011bj. Pou\u017e\u00edvalo se ml\u00e9ko kravsk\u00e9, ov\u010d\u00ed, koz\u00ed, ale i ko\u0148sk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1pojem ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch kr\u010dm\u00e1ch bylo pivo. Podle toho se t\u00e9\u017e naz\u00fdvalo „tekut\u00fd chl\u00e9b“. Pily ho v\u0161echny vrstvy i jako n\u00e1hra\u017eku vody, nebo\u0165 to byl jeden z m\u00e1la zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zahnat \u017e\u00edze\u0148 a nevystavovat se p\u0159itom st\u0159evn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm (Pivo nahrazovalo pitnou vodu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 a\u017e do konce 19. stolet\u00ed. Krom\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch pily pivo b\u011b\u017en\u011b ve st\u0159edov\u011bku i d\u011bti). Chud\u00ed pili v hostinc\u00edch \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 a m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00ed, bohat\u00ed si mohli dovolit „hust\u00e9“, lep\u0161\u00ed, pivo. Na rozd\u00edl od dne\u0161n\u00edch piv byla tehdej\u0161\u00ed piva mnohem hutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a i na vzduchu (ve d\u017eb\u00e1nku) vydr\u017eela dlouho \u010derstv\u00e1 (nev\u011btrala).
\nV\u00edno si v hospod\u00e1ch dop\u0159\u00e1vala v\u011bt\u0161inou jen \u0161lechta, ov\u0161em z\u00e1le\u017eelo na regionu. V\u00edno, kter\u00e9 dopravou ztratilo kvalitu, bylo upravov\u00e1no medem a ko\u0159en\u00edm. Lidov\u00fdmi n\u00e1poji byly nekva\u0161en\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy z m\u00edzy strom\u016f (javor, b\u0159\u00edza) a r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u0161ty.<\/p>\n


\nV\u011bt\u0161inu lihov\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f nahrazovala medovina. Pila se pro chu\u0165 i pro radost. Postupem \u010dasu se rozmohla velkov\u00fdroba a vyr\u00e1b\u011blo se n\u011bkolik druh\u016f – sv\u011btl\u00e1, tmav\u00e1, naho\u0159kl\u00e1. Prodej medoviny se soust\u0159edil do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch kr\u010dem. Jeho obliba v\u0161ak klesala a nahrazovalo ji pivo a v\u00edno. Podobn\u00fdm n\u00e1pojem byl i hypokras, neboli medov\u00e9 v\u00edno.
\nDestilaci a v\u00fdrobu alkoholu objevuj\u00ed Arabov\u00e9 v 9. stolet\u00ed, do Evropy se roz\u0161i\u0159uje jeho v\u00fdroba teprve ve 13. a 14. stolet\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladem bylo v\u00edno, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ep\u00e1lilo s p\u0159\u00edsadou soli; po\u017eivateln\u00fd n\u00e1poj vznikal, a\u017e po dvoj- nebo v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9m p\u00e1len\u00ed a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm j\u00eddeln\u00edm n\u00e1strojem byl tehdy prost\u00fd, po jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b brou\u0161en\u00fd, j\u00eddeln\u00ed n\u016f\u017e, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed ke kr\u00e1jen\u00ed chleba a masa. J\u00eddlo se jedlo rukou, bez ohledu na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost. Pol\u00e9vky a ka\u0161e se jedly l\u017e\u00edc\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou d\u0159ev\u011bnou, kter\u00e1 byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dnes. Bylo zvykem si m\u00fdt ruce pouze po ka\u017ed\u00e9m masit\u00e9m chodu – na myt\u00ed rukou p\u0159i j\u00eddle slou\u017eily m\u00edsy s vodou tzv. medenice.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1dob\u00ed bylo v\u011bt\u0161inou ze d\u0159eva nebo keramiky, m\u00edsy pak n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 pleten\u00e9 – prout\u011bn\u00e9, slam\u011bn\u00e9 apod. Ze stoln\u00edch n\u00e1dob se pou\u017e\u00edvalo mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00eds, misek, d\u017eb\u00e1n\u016f, a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch \u010di kovov\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f, \u010d\u00ed\u0161\u00ed aj.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

J\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek se ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch pohostinsk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch li\u0161il podle toho, jak\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm byl podnik ur\u010den, tedy zda hostinec nav\u0161t\u011bvovala chud\u0161\u00ed nebo bohat\u0161\u00ed klientela. I tak ale m\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt spole\u010dn\u00e9 znaky. V obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 historici naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":52467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=52458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/52467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=52458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=52458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=52458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}