<\/p>\nVarna b\u00fdv\u00e1 pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejreprezentativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto pivovaru. Absolvujete-li exkurzi v kter\u00e9mkoliv pivovaru, o m\u00edsto s n\u00e1dobami varny jist\u011b nep\u0159ijdete.<\/p>\n
Obrovsk\u00e9 varn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby a k\u00e1d\u011b bud\u00ed bezesporu respekt. Varna b\u00fdv\u00e1 prostor pivovarn\u00edky ct\u011bn\u00fd a uct\u00edvan\u00fd, je naz\u00fdv\u00e1na technologick\u00fdm srdcem pivovaru. Na st\u011bn\u011b varny nesm\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m pivovaru chyb\u011bt tradi\u010dn\u00ed pozdrav \u201eDej B\u016fh \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed !\u201c<\/p>\n
Jak vypadala varna v pivovarnick\u00e9m d\u00e1vnov\u011bku ? U\u017e tehdy \u0161lo o velkou m\u00edstnost s kom\u00ednem, sahaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e ke st\u0159e\u0161e. Nej\u010dast\u011bji ji tvo\u0159ily 3 n\u00e1doby. Prvn\u00ed byl varn\u00ed kotel (p\u00e1nev). Byl z kovov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (v\u011bt\u0161inou m\u011b\u010f) a bylo to, to nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co v tehdej\u0161\u00edch pivovarech bylo. V dob\u00e1ch v\u00e1lek byl tedy pochopiteln\u011b ukr\u00fdv\u00e1n a naopak st\u00e1val se ko\u0159ist\u00ed dobyvatel\u016f. Pod varn\u00ed p\u00e1nv\u00ed bylo topeni\u0161t\u011b. P\u00e1nev byla odkryt\u00e1, v\u00edko se za\u010dalo na varn\u00ed n\u00e1doby p\u0159id\u00e1vat a\u017e v 19.stolet\u00ed. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu va\u0159en\u00ed sladiny se tekutina ru\u010dn\u011b m\u00edchala.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Zbyl\u00e9 dv\u011b n\u00e1doby slou\u017eily k vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed roztoku sladiny od pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (ml\u00e1ta). N\u00e1doby byly vyrobeny ze d\u0159eva. Jedna k\u00e1\u010f m\u011bla d\u011brav\u00e9 dno (mnohdy dopln\u011bn\u00e9 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinku sl\u00e1mou) a byla posazena na druhou k\u00e1\u010f, do kter\u00e9 st\u00e9kala \u201eodfiltrovan\u00e1\u201c tekutina.<\/p>\n
Pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice ml\u00e1ta ulp\u011bl\u00e9 ve \u201efiltru\u201c se je\u0161t\u011b proplachovaly horkou vodou. (Ze zbytk\u016f extraktu se pak d\u011blalo \u201ehor\u0161\u00ed\u201c pivo). Scezen\u00e1 tekutina pak byla vr\u00e1cena zp\u011bt do vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho kotle.<\/p>\n
Spodn\u00ed k\u00e1\u010f n\u011bkdy nahrazovalo kor\u00fdtko, odkud byla tekutina ru\u010dn\u011b nab\u011br\u00e1ky p\u0159enesena do p\u00e1nve.<\/p>\n\n
\u201eOdfiltrovan\u00e1\u201c sladina se pak v kotli va\u0159ila s chmelem (chmelovar). Cel\u00e9 hl\u00e1vky se do p\u00e1nve p\u0159id\u00e1valy nat\u0159ikr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
Po ukon\u010den\u00ed va\u0159en\u00ed s chmelem se tekutina (mladina) p\u0159ecedila p\u0159es prout\u011bn\u00fd ko\u0161\u00edk. N\u00e1sledovalo ochlazen\u00ed moku. Men\u0161\u00ed pivovarn\u00edci pouze mladinu rozd\u011blili do v\u00edce n\u00e1dob, ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch pivovarech pou\u017e\u00edvali speci\u00e1ln\u00ed chlad\u00edc\u00ed \u0161toky. \u0160lo o n\u00edzk\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 ohr\u00e1dky. K urychlen\u00ed vychladnut\u00ed mladiny se vyu\u017e\u00edvali mnohdy rozli\u010dn\u00e9 metody (led, n\u00e1doby se studenou vodou, v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\n
Po zchlazen\u00ed byla tekutina p\u0159enesena do chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prostor ke kva\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pozd\u011bji ve varn\u00e1ch p\u0159ibyl kotel na horkou vodu a dal\u0161\u00ed k\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n
V polovin\u011b 19.stolet\u00ed v souvislosti s v\u00fdstavbou modern\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pivovarnick\u00fdch komplex\u016f se stalo samoz\u0159ejmost\u00ed, \u017ee varna byla um\u00edst\u011bna ji\u017e do samostatn\u00e9 budovy. Stavba se dala (a d\u00e1) snadno identifikovat velkou sv\u011btlou v\u00fd\u0161kou, vysok\u00fdmi \u00fazk\u00fdmi okny s typick\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm zasklen\u00edm a st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edmi parn\u00edky od jednotliv\u00fdch n\u00e1dob s plechov\u00fdm zakon\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n
S postupem \u010dasu a technologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje se za\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt varny z oceli, pozd\u011bji se vy\u0159e\u0161il probl\u00e9m propojen\u00ed n\u00e1dob vyn\u00e1lezem letov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch trubek. N\u00e1sledovalo obdob\u00ed celom\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch varen.<\/p>\n
Hmotnost technologick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed varny velk\u00fdch provoz\u016f vylu\u010dovalo podsklepen\u00ed budovy. Od 19.stolet\u00ed se stalo nezbytn\u00fdm dopl\u0148kem varny i kotelna, je\u017e vyr\u00e1b\u011bla p\u00e1ru pro va\u0159en\u00ed. Va\u0159en\u00ed p\u00e1rou bylo v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch poprv\u00e9 zavedeno v roce 1846 v pivovaru U Primas\u016f v Praze. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed majitel F.Wanka si kotel dovezl z Anglie.<\/p>\n\n
Na konci 19.stolet\u00ed technologie varny tvo\u0159ila:<\/p>\n
a) vyst\u00edrac\u00ed k\u00e1\u010f pro rozm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161rotovan\u00e9ho sladu s vodou. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161lo o d\u0159ev\u011bnou sudovou n\u00e1dobu. Otev\u0159en\u00fdm v\u00edkem prob\u00edhalo ru\u010dn\u00ed m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji dostaly k\u00e1d\u011b kovovou podobu a m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovala lo\u017eiska. K\u00e1d\u011b se za\u010daly uzav\u00edrat a zbyl pouze mal\u00fd pr\u016flez. Od ru\u010dn\u00edho pohonu m\u00edchadel se p\u0159es parn\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161lo k elektrick\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n
b) rmutovac\u00ed p\u00e1nev pro va\u0159en\u00ed rmutu (sm\u011bsi sladu a vody). N\u00e1doba byla od prad\u00e1vna v\u017edy vyrobena z kovu, pozd\u011bji nab\u00fdvala r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f a byla opat\u0159ena v\u00edkem. P\u00e1nev byla \u010dasem opat\u0159ena m\u00edchadly. V 19.stolet\u00ed byl nej\u010dast\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n elipsovit\u00fd p\u016fdorys se dv\u011bma m\u00edchadly, ve 20.stolet\u00ed byly konstruov\u00e1ny ji\u017e pouze kruhovit\u00e9 p\u016fdorysy s jedn\u00edm lopatkovit\u00fdm m\u00edchadlem. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd oh\u0159ev p\u00e1nve d\u0159evem byl nahrazen parn\u00edm.<\/p>\n
c) scezovac\u00ed k\u00e1\u010f odd\u011bl\u00ed vylou\u017een\u00fd skladov\u00fd \u0161rot od roztoku sladiny. D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby se postupem rozvoje pivovarnictv\u00ed zm\u011bnily na kovov\u00e9, p\u0159ibylo v\u00edko, bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no druh\u00e9 d\u011brovan\u00e9 dno (vzniklo scezovac\u00ed dno). Hlavn\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdvoje u tohoto prvku technologie varny byl samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jeho \u00fa\u010del, tedy filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. M\u011bnil se materi\u00e1l scezovac\u00edho dna, zkou\u0161ela se r\u016fzn\u00e1 velikost i tvar otvor\u016f. Ke k\u00e1di p\u0159ibylo scezovac\u00ed kor\u00fdtko s bateriemi kohout\u016f, kde byla posuzov\u00e1na \u010dirost sladiny. K dokonalej\u0161\u00edmu scezen\u00ed m\u011blo p\u0159isp\u011bt i tzv. kyp\u0159\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, je\u017e m\u011blo za \u00fa\u010del prom\u00edch\u00e1vat usazuj\u00edc\u00ed se ml\u00e1to.<\/p>\n
d) mladinov\u00e1 p\u00e1nev zajist\u00ed va\u0159en\u00ed sladiny s chmelem. Tyto n\u00e1doby pro\u0161ly podobn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem jako rmutovac\u00ed p\u00e1nve. P\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hl\u00e1vkov\u00e9ho chmelu b\u00fdval u p\u00e1nve p\u0159id\u00e1n pro filtraci tzv. chmelov\u00fd c\u00edz \u2013 p\u016fvodn\u011b se jednalo o n\u00e1dobu s d\u011brovan\u00fdm dnem a m\u00edchadlem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Varna b\u00fdv\u00e1 pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejreprezentativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto pivovaru. Absolvujete-li exkurzi v kter\u00e9mkoliv pivovaru, o m\u00edsto s n\u00e1dobami varny jist\u011b nep\u0159ijdete. Obrovsk\u00e9 varn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby a k\u00e1d\u011b bud\u00ed bezesporu respekt. Varna b\u00fdv\u00e1 prostor pivovarn\u00edky ct\u011bn\u00fd a uct\u00edvan\u00fd,...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":52473,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=52468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52468\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/52473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=52468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=52468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=52468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}