{"id":58955,"date":"2019-01-22T17:00:54","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T16:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.xyz\/?p=58955"},"modified":"2025-04-06T13:11:46","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T11:11:46","slug":"porter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=58955","title":{"rendered":"Porter a jeho historie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Porter je siln\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 pivo s chut\u00ed pra\u017een\u00e9ho sladu a s ovocn\u00fdm akcentem svrchn\u00edho kva\u0161en\u00ed. Vlastn\u00ed p\u016fvod porteru je nejasn\u00fd a teorie jeho vzniku se odli\u0161uj\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd typ piva nevyb\u00edz\u00ed k tolika ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m pokud jde o p\u016fvod.<\/p>\n

Kol\u00e9bkou porteru je Brit\u00e1nie. Porter p\u0159ipravil jako prvn\u00ed v roce 1722 lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd sl\u00e1dek Ralph Harwood. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no m\u00e1 snad od nosi\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed rozn\u00e1\u0161eli zbo\u017e\u00ed po m\u011bst\u011b v 18. stolet\u00ed a p\u0159ed domy se ohla\u0161ovali vol\u00e1n\u00edm: „Porter !“ (\u201esluha\u201c). Vlastn\u00ed p\u016fvod porteru je nejasn\u00fd a teorie jeho vzniku se odli\u0161uj\u00ed. Takt\u00e9\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed receptury z 18.stolet\u00ed se dochovaly pouze \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u011b. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd typ piva nevyb\u00edz\u00ed k tolika ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m pokud jde o p\u016fvod. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee porter vznikl sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bkolika druh\u016f jin\u00fdch piv. N\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u00e9 dokumenty hovo\u0159\u00ed o sm\u011bsi 3 r\u016fzn\u00fdch styl\u016f \u2013 old ale (tmav\u00e9 siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed), nov\u00e9ho ale (sv\u011btl\u00e9 nebo polotmav\u00e9) a slab\u0161\u00edho piva – v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pom\u011brech. Pivo bylo naz\u00fdv\u00e1no Entire Butt nebo Three Threads.<\/p>\n

Prap\u016fvodn\u00ed portery byly charakterizov\u00e1ny vysokou stup\u0148ovitost\u00ed a tedy vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem alkoholu. Unaven\u00ed d\u011blnic\u00ed po celodenn\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1maze v lond\u00fdnsk\u00fdch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a doc\u00edch nal\u00e9zali v \u010dern\u00e9m pivu s\u00edlu a uvoln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tento druh piva p\u0159evl\u00e1dal v Lond\u00fdn\u011b zejm\u00e9na v dob\u00e1ch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho a ekonomick\u00e9ho rozvoje zem\u011b v 19.stolet\u00ed. S t\u00edm souviselo i roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed moku do cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Arthurs Guinness p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt sv\u016fj sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00fd stout, se v 70.letech 18.stolet\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159il na produkci porteru. V jeho pivovaru se va\u0159ily dva druhy s ozna\u010den\u00edm Porter X a Porter XX. Brzy n\u00e1sledovala t\u0159et\u00ed verze, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed porter pro export do Karibiku. V roce 1820 byl Porter XX p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na Guinness Extra Stout Porter a exportn\u00ed verze na Foreign Extra Stout. V roce 1974 skon\u010dila v\u00fdroba Porteru X. Na konci 19.stolet\u00ed v guinnessovsk\u00e9m porteru p\u0159evl\u00e1dly chut\u011b pra\u017een\u00e9 k\u00e1vy. Vysoce pra\u017een\u00e9 slady daly za vznik druhu stout. D\u00e1 se tedy napsat, \u017ee porter je otcem stoutu.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20.stolet\u00ed z\u00e1jem o porter na \u201eostrovech\u201c poklesl. Piva\u0159i dali p\u0159ednost typu \u201eale\u201c. V\u00fdroba tmav\u00e9ho piva se v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159enesla do Irska. I zde v\u0161ak jeho spot\u0159eba klesala, a\u017e se dokonce p\u0159ipravoval p\u0159\u00edmo v pubech sm\u011bs\u00ed guinesse a speci\u00e1ln\u00edho piva. A\u017e v 70.letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se porter op\u011bt z\u010distajasna objevil na anglick\u00e9 pivn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n

Porter se d\u00e1 charakterizovat jako velmi tmav\u00e9, skoro \u010dern\u00e9, such\u00e9 a chu\u0165ov\u011b vyzr\u00e1l\u00e9, svrchn\u011b kva\u0161en\u00e9, hluboce prokva\u0161en\u00e9 ho\u0159k\u00e9 pivo, s vysok\u00fdm obsahem alkoholu, a\u017e 9 %, o 18 a v\u00edce % hm. EPM. Origin\u00e1ln\u00ed porter chutn\u00e1, zjednodu\u0161en\u011b naps\u00e1no, po k\u00e1v\u011b a po ovoci. Chu\u0165 po ovoci dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed kvasnice svrchn\u00ed fermentace. K\u00e1vov\u00e1 suchost je d\u016fsledkem pou\u017eit\u00ed pra\u017een\u00fdch slad\u016f, a\u010dkoliv ne do t\u00e9 m\u00edry jako u stoutu. Oproti stoutu chyb\u00ed zde tak\u00e9 charakteristick\u00e1 bohat\u00e1 p\u011bna. Jde o pivo vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 z opra\u017een\u00e9ho, nesladov\u00e9ho je\u010dmene a siln\u011b chmelen\u00e9. Ostatn\u00ed vlastnosti moku se v\u0161ak li\u0161\u00ed podle m\u00edsta vzniku.
\nPivo se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 vychlazen\u00e9 na 13 \u00b0C. Labu\u017en\u00edci ho doporu\u010duj\u00ed k \u00fast\u0159ic\u00edm, mo\u0159sk\u00fdm plod\u016fm a ke slan\u00fdm ryb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Dnes se portery va\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, obl\u00edben\u00e9 jsou v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, pobaltsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, severn\u00ed Americe. V\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch piv tohoto jm\u00e9na je v\u0161ak vyr\u00e1b\u011bna metodou spodn\u00edho kva\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dne 1.\u0159\u00edjna 1889 nastoupil do pardubick\u00e9ho pivovaru nov\u00fd sl\u00e1dek Anton\u00edn \u0160imonek. Ten je tv\u016frcem zdej\u0161\u00edho devaten\u00e1ctistup\u0148ov\u00e9ho Porteru. Jeho v\u00fdroba za\u010dala v b\u0159eznu 1890 a je obl\u00edbenou zna\u010dkou i dnes. Speci\u00e1l dos\u00e1hl nemal\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f a vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Toto pardubick\u00e9 pivo m\u00e1 v\u0161ak s klasick\u00fdm porterem spole\u010dn\u00fd pouze n\u00e1zev. Vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se spodn\u00edm kva\u0161en\u00edm, jde tedy v podstat\u011b o tmav\u00fd siln\u00fd le\u017e\u00e1k. <\/p>\n\n

Na konci 18.stolet\u00ed Anglie exportovala na lod\u00edch do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch zem\u00ed tehdy velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 pivo. P\u016fvodn\u011b se zde jednalo pouze o klasick\u00fd stout se stup\u0148ovitost\u00ed a obsahem alkoholu na \u00farovn\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u201edvan\u00e1ctky\u201c. Plavby p\u0159es mo\u0159e, zejm\u00e9na do pobaltsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Ruska, v\u0161ak trvaly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho a pivo se na lod\u00edch kazilo. Britov\u00e9 vyu\u017eili sv\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed z p\u0159epravy alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f v subtropick\u00fdch a tropick\u00fdch zem\u00edch a rozhodli se u p\u0159epravovan\u00e9ho stoutu zv\u00fd\u0161it stup\u0148ovitost asi na 18 % a obsah alkoholu na cca 7 % . Pivo za\u010dalo b\u00fdt v\u00edce chmelen\u00e9 a do sud\u016f byly p\u0159ed cestou je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1ny kvasnice. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu cesty tak prob\u011bhla sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed fermentace v sudech. V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pivo nejen \u017ee bez ujmy p\u0159e\u010dkalo dlouhou cestu, nav\u00edc se mu zlep\u0161ily chu\u0165ov\u00e9 vlastnosti. Vznikl tak nov\u00fd druh piva. Tento styl piva nazvan\u00fd baltic porter za\u010dal b\u00fdt obl\u00edben zejm\u00e9na v tehdej\u0161\u00edm D\u00e1nsk\u00e9m a \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a carsk\u00e9m Rusku. Jist\u00fd lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd obchodn\u00edk dokonce daroval zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 pivo i samotn\u00e9 carevn\u011b Kate\u0159in\u011b II. Panovnice n\u00e1sledn\u011b povolila z\u00e1sobovat t\u00edmto pivem carsk\u00fd dv\u016fr. Tato ud\u00e1lost dala pivu pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed russian imperial stout. Pozd\u011bji za\u010daly tento druh piva na \u00fazem\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria, skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a Polsku vyr\u00e1b\u011bt m\u00edstn\u00ed pivovary.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Porter je siln\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 pivo s chut\u00ed pra\u017een\u00e9ho sladu a s ovocn\u00fdm akcentem svrchn\u00edho kva\u0161en\u00ed. Vlastn\u00ed p\u016fvod porteru je nejasn\u00fd a teorie jeho vzniku se odli\u0161uj\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd jin\u00fd typ piva nevyb\u00edz\u00ed k tolika ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":58957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[218],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-o-pivu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=58955"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58955\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/58957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=58955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=58955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=58955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}