{"id":92607,"date":"2021-03-13T05:00:46","date_gmt":"2021-03-13T04:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=92607"},"modified":"2025-01-28T14:09:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T13:09:25","slug":"pivovar-a-minipivovar-v-zelezne-rude-2-2-2-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=92607","title":{"rendered":"Historie hostinc\u016f \u2013 hostinec jako ubytovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bku"},"content":{"rendered":"

V \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch je existence kr\u010dem v\u011brohodn\u011b dolo\u017eena v 9. stolet\u00ed, kdy se st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd text zmi\u0148uje o z\u00e1jezdn\u00edch hostinc\u00edch na obchodn\u00ed cest\u011b ze sask\u00e9 \u017ditavy do \u010cech. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eby pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed byly tedy prvn\u00edmi hostinci v \u010cech\u00e1ch.
\nSt\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd cestovatel nevyhled\u00e1val rovnou \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b v hostinc\u00edch \u010di jin\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch poskytuj\u00edc\u00edch ubytovac\u00ed slu\u017eby, tak jak je tomu dnes, n\u00fdbr\u017e nejd\u0159\u00edve zkou\u0161el naj\u00edt pomoc u lid\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvy – ryt\u00ed\u0159i hledali pohostinstv\u00ed na hradech, kupci u kupc\u016f, mni\u0161i i \u0161lechta v kl\u00e1\u0161terech. A\u017e pokud se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 takov\u00e1 mo\u017enost p\u0159enocov\u00e1n\u00ed nena\u0161la, p\u0159i\u0161el na \u0159adu hostinec.<\/p>\n\n

Hostinsk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve m\u011bstech \u010di vesnic\u00edch toti\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159epychem nep\u0159ekypovala, jejich vybavenost byla velice skromn\u00e1. V t\u011bchto \u201ehotel\u00edch\u201c byly postele s jednoduch\u00fdmi pelestmi, kde se muselo nama\u010dkat n\u011bkolik poutn\u00edk\u016f. \u010casto se spalo na lavic\u00edch \u010di na sl\u00e1m\u011b na zemi. Host\u00e9 ulehli tam, kde bylo m\u00edsto. V \u0161enkovn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti na stolech nebo lavic\u00edch, v komor\u00e1ch nebo spole\u010dn\u011b v jedn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti s hospodsk\u00fdm a jeho rodinou.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee se na\u0161lo mnoho st\u011b\u017eovatel\u016f, jak ze strany host\u016f, tak ze strany hospodsk\u00fdch, na podm\u00ednky ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto byly panovn\u00edky vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy, upravuj\u00edc\u00ed dopodrobna pr\u00e1va a povinnosti obou stran. Tak bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad stanoveno, \u017ee host, kter\u00fd se v hostinci stravuje, nemus\u00ed ji\u017e platit za nocleh. Host\u00e9 platili \u0161enk\u00fd\u0159i za sl\u00e1mu a seno pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata, pokud m\u011bli svoje krmen\u00ed, platili hostinsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1jem chl\u00e9va.<\/p>\n

Chud\u00ed pocestn\u00ed, pokud nemohli z d\u016fvodu nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, nocovat pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem, se uchylovali mnohdy do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zvan\u00e9ho \u201eherberk\u201c. \u0160lo o velkou m\u00edstnost, kde lid\u00e9 p\u0159esp\u00e1vali pod jednou st\u0159echou spole\u010dn\u011b se zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Cestovatel se musel s\u00e1m postarat o kon\u011b, pouze v dra\u017e\u0161\u00edch herberc\u00edch zaopat\u0159oval zv\u00ed\u0159ata najat\u00fd \u010deled\u00edn. Stravov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00fdvalo zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no v cen\u011b ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed. Spalo se bu\u010f na lavic\u00edch, nebo na zemi, pot\u0159eba se vykon\u00e1vala do spole\u010dn\u00e9ho k\u00fdble.<\/p>\n

Herberky m\u011bly tak\u00e9 ve st\u0159edov\u011bku jednotliv\u00e9 cechy, a tak vandrovn\u00ed tovary\u0161ov\u00e9 museli v\u017edy vyhledat nocleh\u00e1rnu dle sv\u00e9ho \u0159emesla. Cech si tuto ubytovnu vydr\u017eoval, u\u010dedn\u00edci zde mohli p\u0159espat bez poplatku. Nejprost\u0161\u00ed herberky ur\u010den\u00e9 pro p\u0159enocov\u00e1n\u00ed tul\u00e1k\u016f byly pov\u011bt\u0161inou um\u00edst\u011bny hned u m\u011bstsk\u00e9 br\u00e1ny. Je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee prost\u0159ed\u00ed v t\u011bchto \u00fatulc\u00edch bylo ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed naka\u017eliv\u00fdch chorob.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Forman\u00e9 byli n\u00e1jemn\u00ed p\u0159epravci, kte\u0159\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch plachtami kryt\u00fdch a ko\u0148mi ta\u017een\u00fdch vozech
\np\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eeli zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo korespondenci. A\u017e do 16. stolet\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovali forman\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161ty. Formanstv\u00ed bylo provozov\u00e1no jako samostatn\u00e1 \u017eivnost nebo jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159iv\u00fdd\u011blek p\u0159i selsk\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00edch. Forman\u00e9 se na cest\u00e1ch stravovali a nocovali ve formansk\u00fdch hospod\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 s rostouc\u00ed sl\u00e1vou formansk\u00e9ho povol\u00e1n\u00ed byly v\u00fdstavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a prostorn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011bla rozlehl\u00e9 dvory, prostorn\u00e9 st\u00e1je i k\u016flny, kam se p\u0159i \u0161patn\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed ve\u0161ly i vysoko nalo\u017een\u00e9 formansk\u00e9 vozy.<\/p>\n

Typick\u00e9 pro formansk\u00e9 hospody bylo to, \u017ee m\u011bly dvoje vrata, aby se vozy nemusely obracet ve dvo\u0159e.
\n
\nFormansk\u00e9 \u0159emeslo bylo velice v\u00fdnosn\u00e9 a forman\u00e9 byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 ob\u010dany. Majitel\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdch hostinc\u016f kolem ru\u0161n\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch cest se proto na formansk\u00e9 p\u0159epravce p\u0159\u00edmo specializovali. Karavany formansk\u00fdch voz\u016f byly doprov\u00e1zeny po\u010detnou \u010deled\u00ed, tak\u017ee tr\u017eby hostinsk\u00fdch se rychle zvedaly.<\/p>\n

K ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed pro pocestn\u00e9 slou\u017eily rovn\u011b\u017e hospice p\u0159i kl\u00e1\u0161terech. V nich se ale mni\u0161i starali i o nemocn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Prameny: M\u00edla Linc: St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd sv\u011bt (nakladatelstv\u00ed Straky na vrb\u011b)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch je existence kr\u010dem v\u011brohodn\u011b dolo\u017eena v 9. stolet\u00ed, kdy se st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd text zmi\u0148uje o z\u00e1jezdn\u00edch hostinc\u00edch na obchodn\u00ed cest\u011b ze sask\u00e9 \u017ditavy do \u010cech. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eby pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed byly tedy...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":92610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":21577,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=92607"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92607\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/92610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=92607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=92607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=92607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}