{"id":96010,"date":"2021-11-13T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-13T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zpravy.pivovary.info\/?p=96010"},"modified":"2025-02-03T13:17:24","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T12:17:24","slug":"vzor-clanek-351-23-57-17","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/?p=96010","title":{"rendered":"Pivo p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem II."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00edme jen velmi m\u00e1lo o zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota p\u016fvodn\u00edho keltsk\u00e9ho a germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy, nebo\u0165 n\u00e1m chyb\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zm\u00ednky o n\u011bm. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee starov\u011bc\u00ed Evropan\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od sv\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch vrstevn\u00edk\u016f na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b, v \u0158ecku a v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, byli negramotn\u00ed, na sv\u016fj vstup do skute\u010dn\u00e9 historie (zaznamenan\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u011b) museli \u010dekat.<br \/>\nStarov\u011bc\u00ed Evropan\u00e9 tak vstoupili do \u201eskute\u010dn\u00e9\u201c historie a\u017e d\u00edky zm\u00ednk\u00e1m \u0158\u00edman\u016f, gramotn\u00fdch \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed o Germ\u00e1nech a Keltech za\u010dali ps\u00e1t, av\u0161ak \u010dasto s pohrd\u00e1n\u00edm. V t\u011bchto z\u00e1znamech byly starov\u011bk\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 kmeny vykresleny jako primitivov\u00e9 z les\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed pij\u00ed \u201eni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1poj\u201c hanliv\u011b pojmenovan\u00fd \u201eje\u010dmenn\u00e9 v\u00edno\u201c. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ze z\u00e1znam\u016f je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee Germ\u00e1ni pivo vyr\u00e1b\u011bli ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed a ochucovali je nap\u0159. dubovou k\u016frou, listy osiky, rozli\u010dn\u00fdmi druhy ko\u0159en\u00ed, medem, ovocem \u010di dokonce volskou \u017elu\u010d\u00ed. Pivo pili z dut\u00fdch roh\u016f zubra.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ngg-singlepic ngg-center\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/wp-content\/gallery\/galerie-pivni\/pivo_pnl04.jpg\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\nDal\u0161\u00edmi, bohu\u017eel jen miziv\u00fdmi doklady o tehdej\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota spojen\u00e9m s va\u0159en\u00edm piva v na\u0161ich oblastech, jsou skromn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy, n\u011bkolik jeskynn\u00edch kreseb a m\u00fdty, kter\u00e9 byly pozd\u011bji, zhruba na po\u010d\u00e1tku druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu zaznamen\u00e1ny p\u00edsemn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli zaost\u00e1vali v gramotnosti, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi vrstevn\u00edky ze St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, byli evrop\u0161t\u00ed pohan\u00e9 vrcholn\u00fdmi pivovarn\u00edky. Jak v\u00edme z artefakt\u016f, ji\u017e kolem roku 800 p\u0159.n.l pravideln\u011b produkovali pivo. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fkaz\u016f potvrzuj\u00edc\u00ed tento fakt, je poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b bohat\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edka keltsk\u00e9ho kmene, kter\u00fd archeologov\u00e9 odhalili v roce 1935 pobl\u00ed\u017e vesnice Kasendorf, nedaleko dne\u0161n\u00edho Kulmbachu, v severn\u00edm Bavorsku. Hrob poch\u00e1z\u00ed z tzv. hal\u0161tatsk\u00e9 kultury, a krom\u011b ostatk\u016f zem\u0159el\u00e9ho, obsahoval i jeho poh\u0159ebn\u00ed v\u00fdbavu. Mu\u017e byl poh\u0159ben se d\u017eb\u00e1nem \u010dern\u00e9ho p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9ho piva ochucen\u00e9ho dubov\u00fdmi listy a i o 3000 let pozd\u011bji byly ve d\u017eb\u00e1nu nalezeny stopy chleba \u2013 standardn\u00ed suroviny na v\u00fdrobu rmutu ve starov\u011bku. Tento d\u017eb\u00e1n, dnes vystaven\u00fd v Muzeu piva v Kulmbachu, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden z nejstar\u0161\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f va\u0159en\u00ed piva v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ngg-singlepic ngg-center\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/wp-content\/gallery\/galerie-pivni\/pivo_pnl03.jpg\" alt=\"\"><br \/>\nNeexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o kontaktech mezi germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem les\u016f st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy s Mezopot\u00e1mi\u00ed, Egyptem \u010di St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchodem, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u0161ichni z nich sv\u00e1 piva vyr\u00e1b\u011bli stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Z\u00e1kladem se staly tzv. pivn\u00ed chleby rozdroben\u00e9 do vody a ponechan\u00e9 spont\u00e1nn\u00ed fermentaci s vyu\u017eit\u00edm kvasnic p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Z toho se d\u00e1 usuzovat, \u017ee v\u00fdroba piva se neza\u010dala roz\u0161i\u0159ovat z jedn\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti do dal\u0161\u00edch, ale \u017ee se pivo za\u010dalo va\u0159it v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b, n\u011bkdy i v p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u010dasov\u00fdch lh\u016ft\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Hotov\u00e9 pivo, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipravili kelt\u0161t\u00ed a germ\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed \u201epivovarn\u00edci\u201c bylo kaln\u00e9 a kysel\u00e9, nej\u010dast\u011bji \u010dern\u00e9, pln\u00e9 plovouc\u00edch slupek a jin\u00fdch ne\u010distot.<\/p>\n<p>Germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kmeny postupn\u011b vytla\u010dily Kelty a rozprost\u0159eli se po cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy. D\u00edky mal\u00e9 komunikaci mezi sebou v\u0161ak byli velice nehomogenn\u00ed a rozd\u011blily se na \u0159adu kultur se sv\u00fdmi specifiky (skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e1 kultura, galsk\u00e1, n\u011bmeck\u00e1).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00edme jen velmi m\u00e1lo o zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota p\u016fvodn\u00edho keltsk\u00e9ho a germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy, nebo\u0165 n\u00e1m chyb\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zm\u00ednky o n\u011bm. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee starov\u011bc\u00ed Evropan\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od sv\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch vrstevn\u00edk\u016f na&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":110154,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":24369,"footnotes":""},"categories":[189],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=96010"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96010\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/110154"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=96010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=96010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pivovary.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=96010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}